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Alcaldadas y oportunismos en el mundial de Brasil / Efer Arocha

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Anuario del Observatorio de Política & Estrategia en América Latina OPEAL

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Anaïs nin émulo de Henry Miller / Efer Arocha

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Imagen de apoyo de The perceptions of monoligual spanish parents towards their daughters’ learing process of acquiring a second language and their ideas on how we, as a school can help them through this process

The perceptions of monoligual spanish parents towards their daughters’ learing process of acquiring a second language and their ideas on how we, as a school can help them through this process

Por: Ana María Rojas Nariño | Fecha: 2009

This research investigated how monolingual Spanish speaking parents perceived their involvement during their daughters’ second language acquisition process, and what they believed the school should do to help them help their daughters. The researcher contacted 25 parents who live in Bogotá- Colombia and then administrated a questionnaire via email. It was found that: (1) Parents want to raise bilingual children in order to prepare them for the future but, (2) their low proficiency level in the second language is the main barrier to be 100 percent involved during the SLA process (3) Parents believe that in order for their daughters to be successful not only in acquiring a second language, but during their school life, both school and parents need to work as a team (4) Mothers, which according to the findings have the lowest proficiency in the second language, are the ones having to help their daughters at home with homework, and therefore the SLA process, adding an extra stress to their everyday household activities (5). The parents of this study know exactly want they want the school to teach them in order to feel proficient when helping their daughters, for that reason, the school needs to take the necessary steps to motivate, support and guide parents to be involved and effective when it comes to helping their daughters learn. Excerpts in both English and Spanish, are presented throughout the research. At the end, limitations of this research and recommendations for future research are stated.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Tesis
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The perceptions of monoligual spanish parents towards their daughters’ learing process of acquiring a second language and their ideas on how we, as a school can help them through this process

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Imagen de apoyo de Architure, culture and identityin scarce contexts towards a Colombian oriented solution = Arquitectura, Cultura e Identidad en contextos de escasos recursos, hacia una solución orientada en Colombia

Architure, culture and identityin scarce contexts towards a Colombian oriented solution = Arquitectura, Cultura e Identidad en contextos de escasos recursos, hacia una solución orientada en Colombia

Por: Diana Marcela Benjumea Mejía | Fecha: 2014

In the present day is still thought that designing for poor means delivering low quality solutions. In a similar way the lack of sensibility and understanding of the local identity in scarce contexts is delivering many alien culturally approaches with no regard for actual needs or indigenous traditions. The outside world needs the labour of architects and designers that help to do far more than just survive, that help to live, and build a deeper comprehension of architecture that deals with the thoughts of the outside world but at the same time delivers appropriate structures, and shelters for scarce contexts, understanding the poetry of the space and the art of this communities. A deep interpretation and integration of culture, local identity and community participation will lead to the development of appropriate and successful architectural solutions in scarce contexts, a deeper understanding of the design criteria in projects located in those contexts is needed; several considerations need to be taken, starting with the idea of adapting different approaches from the design and construction stage, differing to some extend with the traditional architectural practice. On the basis of this argument, this research is intended to reveal the main design strategies and criteria used in scarce and extreme contexts. Three experienced architects in the field that had participated in some successful projects around the world were interviewed, leading to the induction of the main guidelines for assessing this sort schemes. The main aim is to propose a Colombian Oriented Solution for La Mojana, where the selection of three successful international case studies were filtered into the Colombian contexts, and analysed in order to abstract the main results. The consideration of topics such as culture and identity, vernacular architecture and technology will be analysed together in each project. Social consideration, participative design, environment, building design and specific building elements are the main parameters handled to analyse each project.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Tesis
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Architure, culture and identityin scarce contexts towards a Colombian oriented solution = Arquitectura, Cultura e Identidad en contextos de escasos recursos, hacia una solución orientada en Colombia

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Imagen de apoyo de Hondo evaporites within the grosmont heavy oil carbonate platform, Alberta, Canada = Hondo Evaporites dentro de Grosmont,una plataforma de carbonatos con crudo pesado, Alberta, Canada

Hondo evaporites within the grosmont heavy oil carbonate platform, Alberta, Canada = Hondo Evaporites dentro de Grosmont,una plataforma de carbonatos con crudo pesado, Alberta, Canada

Por: Mary Luz Borrero Gómez | Fecha: 2010

The Upper Devonian Grosmont shelf complex is the world’s largest heavy oil deposit hosted in carbonates, with an estimated >50 billion cubic meters (318 to probably 406 billion bbls) of initial volume in place. At present the Grosmont is not yet under production. This study involves log interpretation, core examination; facies  description; strontium, sulphur, carbon, and oxygen isotope analysis. The Grosmont is subdivided into four shallowing-upward cycles. Most Hondo evaporites are part of the Upper Grosmont 3 and Lower Grosmont and were deposited in a series of small, shallow subaqueous brine ponds or in an extensive lagoon. In the eastern part of the area, the Hondo appears to be dissolved resulting in solution-collapse breccias. Other diagenetic processes that were important in shaping the present reservoir characteristics were pervasive dolomitization and dolomite recrystallization, fracturing, and karstification.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Tesis
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Hondo evaporites within the grosmont heavy oil carbonate platform, Alberta, Canada = Hondo Evaporites dentro de Grosmont,una plataforma de carbonatos con crudo pesado, Alberta, Canada

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Imagen de apoyo de Implementing a UV disinfection system in a low-income area of Bolivia, South America = Implementación de un sistema de desinfección ultravioleta en una comunidad de bajos ingresos en Bolivia, Suramérica

Implementing a UV disinfection system in a low-income area of Bolivia, South America = Implementación de un sistema de desinfección ultravioleta en una comunidad de bajos ingresos en Bolivia, Suramérica

Por: Mario Alberto Zapata Peláez | Fecha: 2011

Microbial pollution of water is one of the principal causes of life-threatening diarrheal diseases in the developing world. Ultraviolet (UV) light is increasingly recognized as a viable alternative for the disinfection of drinking water and wastewater in developed countries, but its feasibility in low-income areas has to be assessed further. The rural community of Cerro Grande, in Bolivia, has been hit by outbreaks of gastrointestinal diseases, so two UV-based disinfection systems were implemented there. One of them was a fabricated unit, with materials available locally, whereas the other was a commercially-available unit. The fabricated unit was validated following USEPA procedures and was modeled using computational fluid dynamics. It was observed that a UV-based disinfection system can be sustainable for as few as 20 users, and even for 48 users in areas with poor feed water quality and lacking an electrical grid and distribution network, with a monthly cost of US$2.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Tesis
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Implementing a UV disinfection system in a low-income area of Bolivia, South America = Implementación de un sistema de desinfección ultravioleta en una comunidad de bajos ingresos en Bolivia, Suramérica

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Imagen de apoyo de Characterization of hybrid systems for rural electrification with renewable energies using Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

Characterization of hybrid systems for rural electrification with renewable energies using Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

Por: Juan Pablo Borda Ángel | Fecha: 2011

The scope of this project is the redefinition of the algorithm of the wind-diesel hybrid system for rural electrification using ©IntiGIS, which is a methodology translated into a software developed by CIEMAT, useful for evaluating rural electrification projects that enables to compare different technologies based on the LEC, allowing to find which is the best and less costly technology. The analysis done considers the social and geographical particularities of the study area. The core of the new model is the definition of the renewable fraction for the wind-diesel hybrid system. For this, it was supposed that the renewable fraction will depend in first instance of the wind speed. Here, the objectives are: - find a relationship between the renewable fraction and the wind speed, and if there is a clear relationship, try to express it as a function, and – prove the influence of other parameters such as the fuel price and the consumption load in the renewable fraction behavior. The methodology followed to achieve the point above, was to use ©HOMER to simulate several wind-diesel hybrid systems and size the components of the system, in order to get the optimal renewable fraction in different scenarios. Other important point in the model is the wind capacity factor calculation for medium power wind turbines. As a result of the study, the model is more accurate estimating this factor, due to the fact the study was made, taking into account the power curves of some wind turbines that are in the market and are used for electrification purposes, in order to get an average behavior of the capacity factor when wind speed increases.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Tesis
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Characterization of hybrid systems for rural electrification with renewable energies using Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

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Imagen de apoyo de The use of smartcard authentication as a medium for protecting taxi passengers = Protección de los usuarios del servicio de taxi mediante el uso de tarjetas inteligentes

The use of smartcard authentication as a medium for protecting taxi passengers = Protección de los usuarios del servicio de taxi mediante el uso de tarjetas inteligentes

Por: Cesar Augusto Bonilla Álvarez | Fecha: 2014

In this report we highlighted the significance of the taxicab industry for three main sectors of the economy and, furthermore, to what extent could some changes in labour and taxi regulations be detrimental to the perception of safety by taxicab passengers leading to a reduction in the number of journeys and an economic downturn in several industries. We considered the lack of effectiveness of current applications for giving security to the passengers when they hire a taxi in the street. Taking the taxicab regulation schemes and the issues concerning their passengers as a starting point, we set three groups of security requirements: User safety, Quality service and system’s capabilities and efficiency. The novel TAXI Authentication scheme was created as a response to the need to address those requirements. It is based on the increasingly accepted NFC technology and the tamper-resistant smart cards to construct the Front-office processes, particularly noteworthy is the TAXI Authentication protocol designed as a DDA authentication protocol for efficiency and scalability reasons and the quality service feedback that preserves the anonymity of users facilitating the quality assessment. Whereas, a robust Key Management System supports the Back-office processes grounded in certificates using ECDSA digital signatures due to its efficient performance in smart cards and short-length keys providing a high level of security. We conducted the preliminary security analyst against the proposed security requirements. After that, we applied to real world criminal use-cases concerning the taxicab passengers. The scheme shows promise of combating potential crime under whichever type of taxicab regulation scheme demonstrating great flexibility to adapt to a great number of circumstances and future attacks against the industry.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Tesis
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The use of smartcard authentication as a medium for protecting taxi passengers = Protección de los usuarios del servicio de taxi mediante el uso de tarjetas inteligentes

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Imagen de apoyo de A critical study of the first and second use patents in the Andean Community: the Viagra case = Un estudio crítico de la negación de las patentes de primer y segundo uso en la Comunidad Andina: el caso del Viagra

A critical study of the first and second use patents in the Andean Community: the Viagra case = Un estudio crítico de la negación de las patentes de primer y segundo uso en la Comunidad Andina: el caso del Viagra

Por: Juan Pablo Coy Navarro | Fecha: 2003

The main Topic of this dissertation is to critically analyze the obligations of States’ parties to the TRIPS Agreement in relation to the extent of protection that they are bound to confer on first and second medical use patents. In this sense, the Viagra case illustrates the tensions between the national pharmaceutical industries of the States members of the Andean Community and a leading pharmaceutical company like Pfizer. The dissertation pretends to demonstrate that the decisions taken by the authorities in the Andean Region were consistent with the international minimum standards of IPRs as embodied in the TRIPS Agreement. The Viagra case is the most important series of administrative and judicial decisions concerning first and second use patents in the Andean region. It is composed of the administrative rulings of the member States national authorities of the Andean Community, by the administrative rulings of the Andean Community Secretariat and by the judicial decisions of the Andean Tribunal of Justice. This case was elected as the topic of the dissertation because it doesn’t follow the international trend to expand the levels of patent protection, which has occurred in two ways. First, the scope of patentable subject- matter has been given an inclusive interpretation. Secondly, the restrictions on patentability have been narrowly interpreted.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Tesis
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A critical study of the first and second use patents in the Andean Community: the Viagra case = Un estudio crítico de la negación de las patentes de primer y segundo uso en la Comunidad Andina: el caso del Viagra

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