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Imagen de apoyo de  When titles do not become loans: property rights and slums upgrading in Bogota, Colombia

When titles do not become loans: property rights and slums upgrading in Bogota, Colombia

Por: Alexander Niño Ruiz | Fecha: 2006

Contrary to the conventional orthodoxy of the World Bank, lack of formalized or secured property rights is not the main reason why titles do not become loans in Colombia. My research shows that the institutional barriers that prevent poor people from leveraging their assets are rooted in the Colombian constitution, and in the lack of private financial institutions willing to lend to the poor. Low and middle income populations cannot use their houses as collateral to obtain loans aimed to finance business because the Colombian constitution mandates families to secure a share of their assets as Family Wealth. As a result, families have to protect their estate from being impounded by lenders. When the law allows the use of the house as collateral— for financing the purchase, improvement or enlargement of housing — there are few formal financial institutions lending to the poor. Despite of the importance of this for land-titling programs, it passed unnoticed by the World Bank, who approved a US$100 million loan for the Bogotá Urban Service Project in 2003. This thesis reveals the assumptions made by the Bank regarding the importance of property formalization as a mechanism to create massive equity out of the improved real estate in the informal sector. It contrasts the Bank’s assumptions with the actual process of upgrading in Bogotá. Leveraging poor people’s assets would be critical to the well-functioning of upgrading program, but these policies should rely on a mechanism other than the willingness of formal institutions to lend to the poor.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Tesis
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When titles do not become loans: property rights and slums upgrading in Bogota, Colombia

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Imagen de apoyo de  La cadena de la carne bovina en Colombia :una mirada global de su estructura y dinámica 1991 - 2005

La cadena de la carne bovina en Colombia :una mirada global de su estructura y dinámica 1991 - 2005

Por: Angélica María Flórez Mora | Fecha: 2013

Within a competitive environment, where entrepreneurs need to obtain funds, there is a need to understand the factors that could make the difference. Entrepreneurs in the technology sector In the South West of the UK and in Colombia were analyzed.  The first criteria must be to have access to sources of funds and approach the one that better fits the ventures characteristics. The study shows that equity and grants are the most suitable sources for ventures in the early stages. The multi-method quantitative approach selected included giving surveys to tech-entrepreneurs, 29 in the UK and 35 in Colombia; 2 structured interviews with investors and 16 structured observations of investment panels. The main characteristics identified could be grouped into three categories: the entrepreneur, the product and the market. Those should be supported by an appropriate network, business plan and advisers. However, with all the investment proposals revised by investors, the proposals finally selected are the ones that have a good balance among all the elements. And the experience of the investor, his knowledge and the negotiation with the entrepreneur are what define the value of the venture. Finally, it was shown that there is a need for advisers in Colombia to prepare current entrepreneurs and make them aware of the critical factors. Given the results, it could be said that the vast knowledge and results of previous studies could be applied to advise entrepreneurs in Colombia.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Tesis
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Success factors for venture funding = Factores de éxito para la financiación de nuevas empresas

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Las malezas: un enemigo oculto.

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Imagen de apoyo de  Manejo fitosanitario del cultivo de hortalizas: medidas para la temporada invernal

Manejo fitosanitario del cultivo de hortalizas: medidas para la temporada invernal

Por: Tatiana Fernández Maya | Fecha: 2015

The current political context in Colombia with an ongoing peace process requires to implement measures to rectify past political repression and to create adequate conditions for exercising political opposition. The physical elimination and social stigmatization of a political opposition group, as it happened with the Unión Patriótica, are weak foundations for a post-conflict situation. I will suggest that a collective reparation for UP victims which recognises not just the damage produced individually, but the harm suffered as a collective, could serve to foster trust between the parties on the negotiations table. I claim that a reparation strategy centered in the concept of dignity would respond more efficiently to the harm caused to this collective. I state that, contrary to the common practice, it is possible to conceptualise a collective reparation for groups with no ethnic, cultural or religious bonds.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Tesis
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Forgotten Ghosts. On how a collective reparation for the Unión Patriótica in Colombia could be conceptualised and have an impact on the peace process

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Curso sobre producción de hortalizas de clima medio y frio

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Imagen de apoyo de  Determinants of FDI in the EU: empirical evidence using panel data = Determinantes de la IED en la UE: evidencia empírica usando datos de panel

Determinants of FDI in the EU: empirical evidence using panel data = Determinantes de la IED en la UE: evidencia empírica usando datos de panel

Por: Carlos Andrés Betancur Gálvez | Fecha: 2013

The aim of this article is to investigate the determinants of the foreign direct investment (FDI) in some European countries from 2003 to 2010. This period is interesting because it was characterized by huge investments of capital before 2008 and after this date a cooling of the economy due the subprime mortgage implosion. Panel Data of 23 European countries were analyzed among the several FDI macroeconomic triggers proposed by the UNCTAD in the United Nations Conference For Trade and Development report of 2012. Our empirical results are consistent with the objectives of the UNCTAD model. The FDI has become in a very important goal for all the countries because it has positive spillovers that act as boosters for the growing of their economies. Within the positive effects we highlight the transferring of technology to domestic firms, the creation of new and better jobs, the increasing in the number of tax payers and, besides, these investments are a clean source of income with the benefit of not assuming the risk linked to the debt. Consequently, the governments have the need and the duty to promote policies for attracting FDI. If we analyze the case of Europe, one can differentiate three groups of development and several kind of challenges, i.e., the high unemployment rates that some Mediterranean countries are facing, the adverse selection problem that hinders the credit flow across the productive value chain and the migration of the manufacturing to developing countries. Hence nowadays the understanding of the factors determining the FDI is a key issue to link the policy making with the potential investors.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Tesis
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  • Economía

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Determinants of FDI in the EU: empirical evidence using panel data = Determinantes de la IED en la UE: evidencia empírica usando datos de panel

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Imagen de apoyo de  Getting An International Quality Standard Improves Exports For Manufacture Firms In Latin America? = Obtener un certificado de calidad internacionalmente reconocido aumenta las exportaciones de firmas manufactureras en Latinoamérica?

Getting An International Quality Standard Improves Exports For Manufacture Firms In Latin America? = Obtener un certificado de calidad internacionalmente reconocido aumenta las exportaciones de firmas manufactureras en Latinoamérica?

Por: Juliana Suárez Cortés | Fecha: 2015

International trade markets are shaped by different standards and technical regulations across countries and regions affecting trade. This paper analyzes the relationship between international standards and exports for manufacture firms in Latin America. The study tests the hypothesis that internationally-recognized quality standards compliance helps firms to export. Throughout an econometric approach, a logit model examines the relationship between firm’s decision to export (yes/no), and the variable of whether or not a firm has an internationally-recognized quality standard. The study uses data from the World Bank Enterprise Survey. It concludes that for each firm’s export determinant, the probability to export is consistently higher when firms comply with the internationally-recognized quality standards. This means that, regardless of the size, age, foreign ownership, use of communication technologies, manufacture sector and country type, a firm benefits in terms of exports, from internationally-recognized quality standard compliance. In this sense, policymakers may create programs to proactively support trade; such as training firms on how achieve compliance with international standards and subsidize part of the cost. On the institutional framework, these policies could be achieved by improving capacity by rethinking the role and evaluate the performance of (1) the Export Promotion Agency and (2) the National Standards Body. Which opens a new line of research for these topics of public policy and public administration.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Tesis
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Getting An International Quality Standard Improves Exports For Manufacture Firms In Latin America? = Obtener un certificado de calidad internacionalmente reconocido aumenta las exportaciones de firmas manufactureras en Latinoamérica?

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Imagen de apoyo de  El cultivo de las crucíferas: brócoli, coliflor, repollo, col china

El cultivo de las crucíferas: brócoli, coliflor, repollo, col china

Por: Luz Andrea Granados Castillo | Fecha: 2009

Since the 70s when cocaine consumption first took off in the US, this country has been fighting in Latin America the supply-side ‘war on drugs’ which was placed mainly in Colombia since the 90s, the only country in the region that has an additional component to the drugs problem, guerrillas and paramilitaries, both who use the drug trade to fuel a protracted conflict. The US fashioned under Clinton’s administration the controversial anti-drug strategy known as 'Plan Colombia' a policy that made Colombia the 3rd largest recipient of military aid in the world after Israel and Egypt until the Afghanistan and Iraq era; however after 9/11 the strategy took a different course from a war against drugs to a war against terrorism, significantly increasing the military counter-insurgency component of Plan Colombia, deepening the US dependence in the country and isolating it from the rest of Latin America. The results after 40 decades of US investment and intervention are questionable since the policies have proven to be a failure as they have not reached the expected results and have worsened the problems they tried to tackle. In a nutshell, the US anti-narcotics policy in Latin America has been a failure since after 40 decades and billions of dollars invested, it has not helped to curb production, trafficking and demand; but it has undermined the democracy and triggered conflict in countries where drugs are produced; the case of Colombia exemplifies this ‘war system’ where the ‘war on drugs’ shifted to ‘war on terrorism’ under the framework of the US strategy.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Tesis
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The Failure of U.S. policies in Latin America: From The War on Drugs to The War on Terror = El fracaso de las políticas de los Estados Unidos en América Latina:de la guerra contra las drogas a la guerra contra el terrorismo

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Imagen de apoyo de  A drop of hope in an ocean of impunity: An analysis from the Memory Studies of the Parque Monumento in Trujillo, Colombia = Una gota de esperanza en un mar de impunidad: Un análisis desde los estudios de memoria del Parque Monumento en Trujillo, Colombia

A drop of hope in an ocean of impunity: An analysis from the Memory Studies of the Parque Monumento in Trujillo, Colombia = Una gota de esperanza en un mar de impunidad: Un análisis desde los estudios de memoria del Parque Monumento en Trujillo, Colombia

Por: Andrés Guillermo Chaur Romero | Fecha: 2014

This work constitutes an inquiry into the field of memory studies. Through the presentation and the analysis of a particular case study I will provide an insight to some approaches to address the field. To begin with a general background of the case study will be presented to fully understand its social, historical and cultural connotation, and then I introduce the dynamic of how this work will be developed from this point. Finally this research concludes with some recommendations about the concepts previously developed.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Tesis
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A drop of hope in an ocean of impunity: An analysis from the Memory Studies of the Parque Monumento in Trujillo, Colombia = Una gota de esperanza en un mar de impunidad: Un análisis desde los estudios de memoria del Parque Monumento en Trujillo, Colombia

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Imagen de apoyo de  Performance Evaluation Of The Clinimacs System For The Positive Selection Of CD34+ Cells From Stem Cell Products Factors Affecting CD34+ Cell Recovery

Performance Evaluation Of The Clinimacs System For The Positive Selection Of CD34+ Cells From Stem Cell Products Factors Affecting CD34+ Cell Recovery

Por: Guillermo Andrés Orjuela Falla | Fecha: 2009

CD34+ cell dose in the transplanted product is still considered a measure of the engraftment potential in haemopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). CD34+ selected products are characterised by their high purity and depleted T-cells. These characteristics have made them traditionally suitable to decrease the incidence of graft versus host disease, particularly in haploidentical HSCT. The CliniMACS is a state of the art cell sorting system based on magnetic particles conjugated to CD34 antibodies. This study retrospectively evaluated the CliniMACS system performance in terms of CD34+ purity and cell recovery, and T-cell depletion in the selected product. The results were compared against target values fixed by the processing centre, as well as against published data. Factors affecting the CD34+ cell recovery were also investigated and a pilot study was carried out to assess the effect of cryopreservation on the viability of the selected products. In total, 151 procedures were analysed. The mean recovery and purity were 64.82 + 16.19 and 88.0 + 11.0% respectively. The mean T-cell depletion was 4.7021 + 0.5129 logs. Only purity was slightly below the specification (90%), with the lowest values obtained from peripheral blood (PB) collections. Factors affecting the recoveries were the overall age of the product (p=0.001), overnight storage (p=0.002), and the use of a particular tubing set with the instrument (p=0.002). The mean CD34+ viability was not significantly different to the value before cryopreservation (p=0.068). Results from this study were comparable with published data of the CliniMACS system performance. Local investigations regarding the purity of PB products should be performed. For the first time, using a magnetic separation method, factors affecting CD34+ recovery were identified. The significance of the effect of product age and overnight storage on cell recovery, provide a rationale for further prospective studies
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Tesis
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  • Medicina

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Performance Evaluation Of The Clinimacs System For The Positive Selection Of CD34+ Cells From Stem Cell Products Factors Affecting CD34+ Cell Recovery

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