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Imagen de apoyo de  Regulation of autophagy by Forkhead box (FOX) O transcription factors

Regulation of autophagy by Forkhead box (FOX) O transcription factors

Por: María Catalina; Vos Gómez Puerto | Fecha: 2012

Abstract: Proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis are tightly regulated by extracellular stimuli including hormones, growth factors and cytokines. A balance between these processes is a critical requirement for tissue homeostasis and loss of this balance can result in development of disease. The binding of such mediators to their cognate receptors induces activation of intracellular signal transduction cascades that, through regulation of transcription, eventually results in altered gene expression and changes in cell fate decisions. Constitutive activation of oncogenic signalling pathways by loss of tumor suppressors and activation of oncogenes causes malignant transformation, which is characterized by a differentiation block and the ability of the cancer cells to proliferate and survive independent of growth factor signals. Recently both oncogenes and tumor suppressors have been shown to be critical regulators of autophagy in response to cellular stress. In this review current data concerning a novel role for FoxO transcription factors in regulating autophagy will be discussed. Resumen: La proliferación, diferenciación y apoptosis son procesos estrictamente regulados por estímulos extracelulares que incluyen hormonas, factores de crecimiento y citoquinas. El equilibrio entre dichos procesos es crítico para la homeostasis del tejido y su perdida puede resultar en el desarrollo de enfermedades. La unión de estos mediadores a sus receptores induce la activación de cascadas intracelulares que a través de la regulación de la transcripción, se traducen en la expresión de genes alterados. La activación constitutiva de rutas de señalización oncogénicas por la pérdida de supresores tumorales y la activación de oncogenes provoca la transformación maligna, que se caracteriza por un bloqueo en la diferenciación y por la capacidad de las células cancerosas de proliferar y sobrevivir independiente de las señales del factor de crecimiento. Recientemente se ha demostrado que oncogenes y supresores tumorales son reguladores críticos de la autofagia en respuesta al estrés celular. En esta revisión bibliográfica se analiza el nuevo rol del factor de trascripción FOXO en la regulación de la autofagia.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Artículos
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  • Medicina

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Regulation of autophagy by Forkhead box (FOX) O transcription factors

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Imagen de apoyo de  Proof of concept of a stimulator based on AC current rectification for neuroprosthetics

Proof of concept of a stimulator based on AC current rectification for neuroprosthetics

Por: Laura Becerra Fajardo | Fecha: 2012

For several years, researchers have developed techniques to replace and enhance the capabilities of our neural system by means of implantable electrical stimulation technologies. Even though important work has been done in this field, further progress must be accomplished in terms of miniaturization in order to ensure comfort, simpler surgical implantation procedures, and the capability of using multiple wireless smart stimulators for achieving more muscle recruitment. In the past, with the objective of accomplishing an unprecedented level of miniaturization, we have proposed the development of implantable stimulators that would act as rectifiers of AC current supplied by external electrodes. Here it is described the development and evaluation of an addressable stimulator based on discrete component technology as a proof-of-concept of the proposed method. This macroscopic version of the stimulator is capable of generating magnitude controlled bipolar pulses according to commands modulated in the AC current. Multiple evaluations were done to test the device, including DC current testing, in-vitro and invivo testing, concluding that the developed system is an effective proof-of-concept of the method proposed, being able to perform controlled electrical stimulation. Electrical current testing showed that anodal and cathodal currents were generated, and in-vivo testing showed the effective electrical stimulation of an anesthetized earthworm. It is concluded that the idea of developing smart rectifiers as implantable stimulators is feasible. This represents a first step towards the design of an implantable device with a miniaturization level without precedents.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Artículos
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Proof of concept of a stimulator based on AC current rectification for neuroprosthetics

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Imagen de apoyo de  Literature review : management of project oriented organisations

Literature review : management of project oriented organisations

Por: Mario Jheinner; Aryan Bunbuarka Vargas Cubides | Fecha: 2010

This paper illustrates the analysis of an intensive research in several books and organisational theories, exemplifies the nature of various organisational structures and how those structural mechanisms affect project management. To this end, suitable organisational characteristics to develop projects are identified and classify them into cultural and structural characteristics. These implicit characteristic inside organisations allow or hinder the achievement of projects. Definitions and clarifications from practical examples of project oriented organisation are differentiated with non-project oriented organisations. There will be suggestion of what may be the most suitable scenarios which Project Managers could obtain the maximum performance to achieve the organisational goals and with this, keep evolving the industry and managing changes to attend market needs.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Artículos
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Imagen de apoyo de  Constructing the tropics: Nineteenth Century British representations of Colombia

Constructing the tropics: Nineteenth Century British representations of Colombia

Por: Simón Uribe Martínez | Fecha: 2015

This paper considers nineteenth Century British travel accounts of Colombia. By analysing how those travellers represented the country, it aims to explore the different ways in which “the tropics” were imagined, experienced and constructed. On the one hand, it is suggested that those representations helped to forge an image of the country as a promising nature inhabited by backward races, underpinning a widespread vision of the tropic: that of a vacant space abounding of exploitable natural resources waiting to be transformed by Europeans’ ‘civilized’ hands and endeavour. On the other hand, contested and often contradictory ideas that those travellers harboured about climate and European acclimatization are explored, suggesting that Europeans’ perceptions of the tropic resulted from a permanent negotiation between images brought from home and the landscapes they encountered. To conclude, it is argued that those constructions are revealing of how travel writing was above all a cultural practice, where the traveller’s vision is not exclusively determined by established paradigms, but transformed by the landscapes he encounters and interacts with.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Artículos
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Constructing the tropics: Nineteenth Century British representations of Colombia

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Imagen de apoyo de  Migration, Political Art and Digitalization

Migration, Political Art and Digitalization

Por: Sara Wiederkehr González | Fecha: 2016

Throughout this paper, the main interest is in describing the use and practice of socialnetworking by Colombian migrants and its influence on the relation with, and the construction of a discourse about, Colombian conflict and social reality. In addressing the problematization of cyberspace and its virtuality as a space, an account is given of the singularities, political concerns, and personal expectations of two Colombian migrants living in Berlin. This leads to an analysis of the influence of virtuality in the construction of political and social discourses and of practices abroad. The discussion of the authenticity and “realness” of the virtual world and virtual relationships invokes the supposed opposition between virtual space as abstract, and the real world as the tangible and real one. However the notions of virtuality and reality are not necessarily opposed. According to Augé (1995), a place is defined as relational, historical and concerned with identity. Borrmann (2013) concludes in her study that cyberspace cannot be understood as an abstract place, meant to exist only “while we are sitting in front of the computer” (64). From this reasoning, several questions guide this paper: If the cyberspace is a tangible one, how do migrants—those people who supposedly live in between territories—relate to virtuality? How are these virtual spaces and places constructed from the singularities of Colombian migrants in Berlin? How do they relate to the actuality overseas, in their home countries?
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Artículos
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  • Ciencias sociales

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Migration, Political Art and Digitalization

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Imagen de apoyo de  Estimating future residential water consumption in Phoenix, Arizona based on simulated changes in climate

Estimating future residential water consumption in Phoenix, Arizona based on simulated changes in climate

Por: Hermes Camilo; Balling Cubaque Barrera | Fecha: 2009

Previous studies have shown that residential water consumption in Phoenix, Arizona is significantly related to changes in climate, although that sensitivity varies substantially from one census tract to another. In this investigation, we determine the empirical relationship between water consumption and variations in temperature and precipitation. We find the sensitivity of consumption to either climate variable is positively related to the percent of land covered in mesic irrigated landscaping, mean household income, lot size, and percent of single-family residential lots containing swimming pools. We use estimated changes in temperature and precipitation for 50 model – scenario combinations presented by the IPCC, and we determined that mean water consumption should increase by an average of over three percent by 2050, but the climate-induced change in consumption varies considerably across the census tracts.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Artículos
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Estimating future residential water consumption in Phoenix, Arizona based on simulated changes in climate

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Imagen de apoyo de  The iPath S&P 500 VIX Mid-Term Futures ETN

The iPath S&P 500 VIX Mid-Term Futures ETN

Por: Daniel José González Buitrago | Fecha: 2009

Este trabajo se presentó en Abril de 2009 en un seminario de ingeniería financiera. El propósito del seminario era introducir a estudiantes de derecho financiero, maestría en finanzas y estudiantes de maestría de administración de empresas (MBA) instrumentos financieros creados recientemente y sobre los cuales no existiera literatura académica previa. El 30 de enero de 2009, en medio de turbulencias severas en los mercados financieros y rumores persistentes acerca de una posible nacionalización del banco, Barclays Bank PLC introdujo un instrumento financiero que aprovecha la volatilidad de los mercados de capitales. Un instrumento conocido como Nota transable en bolsa (ETN, Exchange traded note) que deriva su valor de un índice de volatilidad (El índice de volatilidad de la bolsa de opciones de Chicago (CBOE) el índice VIX, comúnmente conocido como el índice del ¨miedo financiero¨). Este documento intentara explicar los rasgos únicos de este titulo y una metodología hipotética para su valoración.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Artículos
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  • Economía

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The iPath S&P 500 VIX Mid-Term Futures ETN

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Imagen de apoyo de  Post-colonial State Architecture in Planned Capitals of Latin America: Brasilia (Brazil) and La Plata (Argentina) = Arquitectura estatal poscolonial en capitales planeadas de América Latina: Brasilia (Brasil) y La Plata (Argentina)

Post-colonial State Architecture in Planned Capitals of Latin America: Brasilia (Brazil) and La Plata (Argentina) = Arquitectura estatal poscolonial en capitales planeadas de América Latina: Brasilia (Brasil) y La Plata (Argentina)

Por: Sergio Andrés Vieda Martínez | Fecha: 2017

Post-colonial Latin America was a region dominated by new nations that attempted to project an image to the outside world as modern and progressive states. Newly independent states employed architecture as means to create institutions for new governments, but also to demonstrate new nations modernity and development. In particular, capitals were considered the head of new states, so they embodied ideals, utopias and expectations of new governments. In this essay, I proposed a literature review related to identity and object for the state. This topics are mainly covered by four books written by Smith, Herrle and Wegerhoff, del Real and Vale. Then I explored local literature from two case studies of planned capitals in Latin America: Brasilia in Brazil and La Plata in Argentina. Finally, this essay concluded whether Latin American architecture was a re-making of European styles or there were some particularities in region’s built forms.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Artículos
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Post-colonial State Architecture in Planned Capitals of Latin America: Brasilia (Brazil) and La Plata (Argentina) = Arquitectura estatal poscolonial en capitales planeadas de América Latina: Brasilia (Brasil) y La Plata (Argentina)

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Imagen de apoyo de  The march of the manikins: Agroforestry practices and spiritual dancing in northwest amazonia = La Danza de los maniquíes, prácticas agrícolas y danza espiritual en el noroccidente amazónico

The march of the manikins: Agroforestry practices and spiritual dancing in northwest amazonia = La Danza de los maniquíes, prácticas agrícolas y danza espiritual en el noroccidente amazónico

Por: Oscar Alfredo Forero Larrañaga | Fecha: 2001

Among the Tukano an indigenous peoples there is a ritual that reflects refined ecological management: ""The March of the Manikins"". By understanding this and similar cultural practices, we could attempt the re-definition of ""sustainability"" concept. A fundamental part of the process for the appropriation of a new meta-language that could set up new patterns for environmental management practices and policy delivering.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Artículos
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The march of the manikins: Agroforestry practices and spiritual dancing in northwest amazonia = La Danza de los maniquíes, prácticas agrícolas y danza espiritual en el noroccidente amazónico

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Imagen de apoyo de  Social and human aspects in the use of vernacular knowledge

Social and human aspects in the use of vernacular knowledge

Por: Natalia Rey Cuéllar | Fecha: 2013

Recent studies have highlighted the environmental benefits of the vernacular, focusing on the qualities of buildings; however, they do not sufficiently deal with the role of human agency in the production of the vernacular in practice. This study aims to demonstrate that by improving our understanding of the human and social aspects, it will be possible to define methods of supporting sustainable development. Understanding ‘the vernacular’ as a type of knowledge, four components are explored: transmission, use, motivations, and benefits. Based on the case of the Mexican Vault technique, the investigation offers insights into the various components of vernacular knowledge, suggesting the study of vernacular architecture from a perspective that elevates the relevance of the social and human dynamics in relation to the built object. It concludes that moving beyond environmental issues towards the building of tangible and intangible assets is a key challenge for vernacular architecture today.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Artículos
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