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Imagen de apoyo de Francis Ford Coppola’s Dracula: The sound of the unnatural and ever changing nature of a vampire

Por: Sergio Medina | Fecha: 2011

In this paper I will go through the main narrative aspects of Bram Stoker’s Dracula and analyse Francis Ford Coppola’s film version to provide insight on how director, editor and composer Wojcieck Kilar support the narrative of the film through sound and musical thematic treatment. I will go through the basic concepts of how acousmatic sounds and the use of basic editing techniques helped to create the mood and ambiences of the world the main character lives and how the composer through the use of orchestration, change in register, and texture, transforms a theme to represent the metamorphic aspect of the main character and the main thematic idea of renewed love.

Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Artículos

Temas:
Otros

Imagen de apoyo de Urban Forest Values of the Citizenry in Three Colombian Cities

Por: Camilo; Duinker Ordoñez Barona | Fecha: 2014

Urban forests are an integral part of urban ecosystems and quality of life. With an overwhelmingly urban population, Latin American countries benefit considerably from their urban forests. However, little is known about the values that make such forests important. The goal of this study was to provide an overview of urban forest values in Colombia. Exploratory research was undertaken in the cities of Bogotá, Cali, and Pereira, with the use of field tours based on visits to five urban forest types, personal diaries, and focus groups. Recruitment was based on voluntary self-selection. Data were captured from 72 participants and analyzed via coding and theme extraction. The data demonstrate that Colombian urban dwellers value the urban forest in terms of a rich array of psychological, aesthetic, sociocultural, ecological, environmental, and economic themes. This study is a primer for eliciting urban forest values and developing typologies in a novel and effective way.

Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Artículos

Temas:
Otros

Imagen de apoyo de Reducing Social Exclusion in Highly Disadvantaged Districts in Medellin, Colombia, through the Provision of a Cable-Car

Por: Diego Fernando; Stanley Zapata Córdoba | Fecha: 2014

Recent research has shown that increasing trip making and improving a person’s social capital and sense of community is likely to reduce risks of social exclusion, and increase wellbeing. This, and most other related research on social exclusion, has been undertaken in countries with developed economies. This paper examines some of these relationships within a developing economy, where social exclusion is likely to be more widespread, using secondary data. It examines two districts in Medellín, Colombia, which are historically marginalised, with considerable poverty and also suffering from substantial drug-related violence. The focus is on the role of Metrocable, an aerial cable-car public transport system built to improve transport options in the area’s steep terrain, in reducing risk of exclusion. The analysis shows that increasing the number of trips is significantly associated with a reduced risk of social exclusion and that increasing social capital is weakly supportive. Metrocable is therefore likely to be successful in reducing exclusion. The model suggests that secondary data can be used to explore relationships between mobility and risk of social exclusion.

Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Artículos

Temas:
Otros

Imagen de apoyo de Indigenous knowledge and the scientific mind: Activism or Colonialism?

Por: Oscar Alfredo Forero Larrañaga | Fecha: 2002

In the first part of this paper selected narratives of early exploration of Northwest Amazonia are analysed with the intention to reveal the values that colonisers and scientist hold at the moment of encountering indigenous peoples. It is argued that these values were transformed and adapted for the development of Economic Botany. The discussion continues on questioning: ‘Were ethnosciences shaped by imperialistic motives?’, ‘Has the ethnology of Northwest Amazonia contributed to intercultural dialogue or has it all been part of a colonialist project of Northwest Amazon?’. In the second part of the paper a narrative is presented. The narrative describes a process through which the values of liberal democracy were to be imprinted in indigenous peoples’ organisations of the Colombian Amazonia during the 1990s. Leví-Strauss’ perspective of intervention: “the society we belong to is the only society we are in a position to transform without risk of destroying it” (Levi-Strauss1973: 392) its taken to develop a critical appraisal of the process described. The paper finalises with a call for ethnoscientists to consider ‘fair play’ rather than ‘objectivity’ when attempting research in Northwest Amazonia. It is concluded that Amazonia and its indigenous population would gain much if each political actor (including scientists) would express their own subjectivity clearly and without hesitation.

Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Artículos

Temas:
Otros
Ciencias sociales

Imagen de apoyo de Nitrogen removal in maturation ponds: tracer experiments with 15N-labelled ammonia

Por: Miller Alonso; Mara Camargo Valero | Fecha: 2007

A primary maturation pond (M1) was spiked with labelled ammonium chloride (15NH4Cl) to track ammonium transformations associated with algal uptake and subsequent sedimentation. Conventional sampling based on grab samples collected from M1 influent, water column and effluent, and processed for unfiltered and filtered TKN, ammonium, nitrite and nitrate, found low total nitrogen removal (8%) and high ammonium nitrogen removal (90%). Stable isotope analysis of 15N from suspended organic and ammonium nitrogen fractions in M1 effluent revealed that labelled ammonium was mainly found in the organic fraction (69% of the 15N recovered), rather than the inorganic fraction (5%). Algal uptake was the predominant pathway for ammonia removal, even though conditions were favourable for ammonia volatilization (8.9 , pH,10.1 units, 15.2 , temperature ,18.8 8C). Total nitrogen was removed by ammonia volatilization at 15 g N/ha d (3%), organic nitrogen sedimentation at 105 g N/ha d (20%), and in-pond accumulation due to algaluptake at 377 g N/ha d (71%). Algal uptake of ammonium and subsequent sedimentation and retention in the benthic sludge, after partial ammonification of the algal organic nitrogen, is thus likely to be the dominant mechanism for permanent nitrogen removal in maturation ponds during warm summer months in England.

Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Artículos

Temas:
Otros

Imagen de apoyo de A framework for determining the period when a perennial crop is no longer profitable after a disease outbreak

Por: Mauricio; Evans Mosquera Montoya | Fecha: 2013

A theoretical approach is developed for finding the optimal age to remove an orchard (or plantation) to maximize net present value, after a disease attack. The model is a bioeconomic model that considers the effects of disease manage- ment on disease spread and the effect of the disease on yields. This provides an optimal disease management strategy and optimal rotation period. Our work makes an important contribution to the literature. To the best of our knowledge, no previous work has considered the simultaneous question of optimal disease management and replanting age when disease is present in perennial crops. An empirical application is presented for the case of pudricióndelcogollo, a lethal and contagious disease that threatens oil palm plantations in Colombia. The model could be applied to a wide range of perennial crop diseases.

Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Artículos

Temas:
Otros
Agricultura

Imagen de apoyo de National currencies: endangered species or power instruments of the state?

Por: Luisa Fernanda Mendoza Berrío | Fecha: 2015

With the financial globalization process, the geography of money and the social relations that are within it transformed. National currencies as integral part of the states’ financial and economic infrastructure are no longer associated with a particular territory as well as are “no longer the instrument of an exclusive national sovereignty” (Cohen, 2004, 1). This process is driven by different forces that determine the financial system today, where capital flows, trade, technology, institutions and new form of money challenge the control of the state over national currencies within its borders and question its function in the system. This paper thus suggest that national monopoly currencies are still a solid and prevailing instrument for economic and monetary leadership and power of the modern state, where sovereign authorities, rather than loosing its autonomy and influential power in the international financial market, are going through a reconfiguration process regarding the relationship between the state and a particular territory. In this context, rather than being “endangered species”, national currencies are going through a reconfiguration process that requires a redefinition of the geography of money.

Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Artículos

Temas:
Otros
Economía

Imagen de apoyo de A General Approach for the Multi-Objective Flexible Job-shop Scheduling Problem with Regular Criteria

Por: Andrés Alberto; Dauzère-Pérès García León | Fecha: 2016

Abstract: The publications on the Multi-Objective Flexible Job-shop Scheduling Problem (MOFJSP) usually aim at optimizing a combination of classical criteria not related to due dates, i.e. makespan, maximum workload and total workload, whose primary goal is to optimize the utilization of the machines. We propose a general approach for solving efficiently the MOFJSP, which aims at determining the Pareto front for multiple regular criteria. Optimizing regular criteria is relevant for improving the competitiveness of firms, since they can take into account cycle times, due dates and customer service through weights that can be given to jobs with different priority. Our approach uses a fast estimation function and an iterative local search in which a criterion to minimize is randomly selected at each move. Numerical experiments are conducted on test instances of the literature to minimize simultaneously the makespan, the maximum tardiness, the total tardiness and the total number of tardy jobs. The results show that, our approach provides a set of non-dominated solutions that is close to the Pareto front. Resumen: Las publicaciones sobre el Problema de Programación de Job-shop Flexible (MOFJSP) usualmente apuntan a optimizar una combinación de criterios clásicos no relacionados con fechas de vencimiento, como por ejemplo, makespan, carga de trabajo máxima y carga de trabajo total, cuyo objetivo principal es optimizar la utilización de la Máquinas. Este artículo propone un enfoque general para resolver eficientemente el MOFJSP, que tiene como objetivo determinar el frente de Pareto para múltiples criterios regulares. La optimización de criterios regulares es relevante para mejorar la competitividad de las empresas, ya que pueden tener en cuenta los tiempos de ciclo, las fechas de vencimiento y el servicio al cliente a través de pesos que se pueden dar a los trabajos con diferentes prioridades. El enfoque utiliza una función de estimación rápida y una búsqueda local iterativa en la que un criterio para minimizar se selecciona al azar en cada movimiento. Los experimentos numéricos se llevan a cabo en instancias de prueba de la literatura para minimizar al mismo tiempo el makespan, la tardanza máxima, la tardanza total y el número total de trabajos tardíos. Los resultados muestran que, nuestro enfoque proporciona un conjunto de soluciones no dominadas que está cerca del frente de Pareto.

Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Artículos

Temas:
Otros

Imagen de apoyo de Breaking down Foreign Direct Investment’s magic: relative impacts and policy implication

Por: Luisa Fernanda Mendoza Berrío | Fecha: 2015

The neoliberal discourse around development proposed liberalization and market based strategies to increase economic growth and productivity. The retreat of the state gave the market and the private sector a predominant role in trade, investment and industrial and technological upgrade. In this context, the increasing role of Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) in the globalized economy strengthened the focus on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) as an important tool for development, and intensified the competition to attract investments between countries. This paper suggests that rather, than being a magic formula for achieving development or having a general effect –either positive or negative-, FDI’s impact, seen as positive spillovers and effective industrial and technological upgrading, depends on the sector in which investment is being made, level of intervention and direction that the host government is applying, and the absorption capacity of the host economy.

Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Artículos

Temas:
Otros
Ciencia política

Imagen de apoyo de Non-gaussianity from the second-order cosmological perturbation

Por: David H.; Rodríguez García Lyth | Fecha: 2005

Cosmological scales leave the horizon during in?ation and reenter it after big bang nucleosynthesis. Throughout the superhorizon era it is very useful to de?ne a primordial cosmological curvature perturbation, which is conserved if and only if pressure throughout the Universe is a unique function of energy density (the adiabatic pressure condition) [1–7]. Observation directly constrains the curvature perturbation at the very end of the superhorizon era, a few Hubble times before cosmological scales start to enter the horizon, when it apparently sets the initial condition for the subsequent evolution of all cosmological perturbations. The observed curvature perturbation is almost Gaussian with an almost scale-invariant spectrum.

Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Artículos

Temas:
Otros