Latin American integration is a core issue in Rodolfo Stavenhagen’s “Seven Erroneous Theses about Latin America.” A critical reading of the sixth thesis suggests an alternative interpretation. Changes in the past 50 years with regard to Latin American ethnic integration, for example in Mexico and Colombia, have called into question the model of integration through assimilation. The current challenges to integration in Latin America point to an alternative approach that attributes positive value to hybrid status as a path toward overcoming internal colonialism.

The indiscriminate use of antibiotics and the emergence of resistant microorganisms have become a major challenge for the food industry. The purpose of this work was to microencapsulate the bacteriophage UFV-AREG1 in a calcium alginate matrix using microfluidic devices and to study the viability and efficiency of retention. The microcapsules were added to gel of propylene glycol for use as an antimicrobial in the food industry. The technique showed the number of the phage encapsulation, yielding drops with an average 100–250 ?m of diameter, 82.1 ± 2% retention efficiency and stability in the gel matrix for 21 days. The gel added to the microencapsulated phage showed efficiency (not detectable on the surface) in reducing bacterial contamination on the surface at a similar level to antimicrobial chemicals (alcohol 70%). Therefore, it was possible to microencapsulate bacteriophages in alginate-Ca and apply the microcapsules in gels for use as sanitizers in the food industry.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a chronic disease characterized by a progressive elevation in mean pulmonary arterial pressure. This occurs due to abnormal remodeling of small peripheral lung vasculature resulting in progressive occlusion of the artery lumen that eventually causes right heart failure and death. The most common cause of PAH is inactivating mutations in the gene encoding a bone morphogenetic protein type II receptor (BMPRII). Current therapeutic options for PAH are limited and focused mainly on reversal of pulmonary vasoconstriction and proliferation of vascular cells. Although these treatments can relieve disease symptoms, PAH remains a progressive lethal disease. Emerging data suggest that restoration of BMPRII signaling in PAH is a promising alternative that could prevent and reverse pulmonary vascular remodeling. Here we will focus on recent advances in rescuing BMPRII expression, function or signaling to prevent and reverse pulmonary vascular remodeling in PAH and its feasibility for clinical translation. Furthermore, we summarize the role of described miRNAs that directly target the BMPR2 gene in blood vessels. We discuss the therapeutic potential and the limitations of promising new approaches to restore BMPRII signaling in PAH patients. Different mutations in BMPR2 and environmental/genetic factors make PAH a heterogeneous disease and it is thus likely that the best approach will be patient-tailored therapies.

Abstract: The pursuit of upward social transformation through service design and practice demands rigorous thinking about what this kind of change looks like and how it comes about. To advance these two goals, this study conceptualizes transformative value, defined as a social dimension of value creation which illuminates uplifting changes among individuals and collectives in the marketplace. Conceptual development draws on structuration theory and the service-dominant logic to articulate the spheres of transformative value as well as four distinctions between habitual and transformative value. Ethnographic analysis with a nonprofit service, which focuses on mitigating the inequalities of poverty, explores how service providers can facilitate transformative value. Findings highlight the roles of holistic value propositions, an anti-structural servicescape, and communal service practices. Beyond microlevel social impact, findings also reveal the macro-level reach of transformative value by demonstrating how services can contest and transform dominant social structures and stimulate social action. Discussion highlights the implications of transformative value for human agency and ways to design services that promote well-being among vulnerable populations. Resumen: La búsqueda de una transformación social a través del diseño y la práctica del servicio exige un pensamiento riguroso sobre como este tipo del cambio se ve y se produce. Para avanzar en estos dos objetivos, este estudio conceptualiza el valor transformador, definido como una dimensión social de creación de valor que ilumina los cambios edificantes entre individuos y colectivos en el mercado. El desarrollo conceptual se basa en la teoría de la estructuración y la lógica del servicio dominante para articular las esferas de la transformación valor así como también cuatro distinciones entre valor habitual y transformativo. Un análisis etnográfico en un servicio sin fines de lucro, que se centra en la mitigación de las desigualdades de la pobreza, evidencia cómo los proveedores de servicios pueden facilitar el valor transformador. Más allá de un impacto social a nivel individual, los hallazgos también revelan el alcance a nivel macro del valor transformador al demostrar cómo los servicios pueden competir y transformar las estructuras sociales dominantes y estimular la acción social. La discusión resalta las implicaciones de la transformación valor para la agencia humana y formas de diseñar servicios que promuevan el bienestar entre las poblaciones vulnerables.

Interspecific competition among secondary cavity nesters can involve physical conflicts between individuals, which may lead to serious injuries or death. Here we report a case of aggression by a pair of Chilean Swallows (Tachycineta meyeni) towards a nestling of the Thorn-tailed Rayadito (Aphrastura spinicauda) in the sub-Antarctic forests of Chile. This aggression caused the displacement of the breeding rayaditos from an occupied nest box and it appears, nestling mortality. Since levels of aggression among cavity nesters depend on the synchrony of their breeding phenologies, further research is needed to study the prevalence of nest usurpation by Chilean Swallows and its relation to the degree of breeding synchrony with other cavity nesters inhabiting the sub-Antarctic forests.

Post-colonial Latin America was a region dominated by new nations that attempted to project an image to the outside world as modern and progressive states. Newly independent states employed architecture as means to create institutions for new governments, but also to demonstrate new nations modernity and development. In particular, capitals were considered the head of new states, so they embodied ideals, utopias and expectations of new governments. In this essay, I proposed a literature review related to identity and object for the state. This topics are mainly covered by four books written by Smith, Herrle and Wegerhoff, del Real and Vale. Then I explored local literature from two case studies of planned capitals in Latin America: Brasilia in Brazil and La Plata in Argentina. Finally, this essay concluded whether Latin American architecture was a re-making of European styles or there were some particularities in region’s built forms.

Hugo Jamioy Juagibioy nació en Bëngbe Uáman Tabanóc (<>), Valle de Sibundoy, Putumayo, en 1971. Pertenece al pueblo indígena Camëntsá. Ha publicado los libros de poesía "Mi fuego y mi humo, mi Tierra y mi sol" (1999), "No somos gente" (2001) y "Danzantes del viento" (2005). Hace parte de la Red Nacional de Talleres de Escritura Creativa (RENATA), del Ministerio de Cultura, como director del taller de su etnia. Sus textos han sido traducidos al inglés, francpes, italiano y portugués. El libro "Danzantes del viento" fue publicado hace cinco años por la editorial de la Universidad de Caldas, y ha sido revisado y ampliado por su autor para esta Biblioteca. Se trata de una voz en la frontera entre dos culturas, la camëntsá y la extranjera (o de los blancos), que traza un puente intercultural entre la ciudad y el territorio ancestral; indaga por la trascendencia, la naturaleza y el tiempo; explora el desamor, la soledad, la sensualidad y la denuncia. Y proporciona al lector un acercamiento al misterio del yagé, planta sagrada para los seis mil integrantes del pueblo Camëntsá. Juan Guillermo Sánchez Martínez ofrece en el prólogo un balance de esta obra: "Jamioy no solo construye su poesía a partir de los cantos y medicinas tradicionales, las plegarias, las consejas, las reiteraciones populares, y los lugares y personajes del pueblo, sino que encuentra su voz también en los cuestionamientos y las búsquedas personales, así como en algunos juegos propios de la poesía conversacional en los que involucra al lector no indígena".

Hugo Jamioy Juagibioy nació en Bëngbe Uáman Tabanóc (<>), Valle de Sibundoy, Putumayo, en 1971. Pertenece al pueblo indígena Camëntsá. Ha publicado los libros de poesía "Mi fuego y mi humo, mi Tierra y mi sol" (1999), "No somos gente" (2001) y "Danzantes del viento" (2005). Hace parte de la Red Nacional de Talleres de Escritura Creativa (RENATA), del Ministerio de Cultura, como director del taller de su etnia. Sus textos han sido traducidos al inglés, francpes, italiano y portugués. El libro "Danzantes del viento" fue publicado hace cinco años por la editorial de la Universidad de Caldas, y ha sido revisado y ampliado por su autor para esta Biblioteca. Se trata de una voz en la frontera entre dos culturas, la camëntsá y la extranjera (o de los blancos), que traza un puente intercultural entre la ciudad y el territorio ancestral; indaga por la trascendencia, la naturaleza y el tiempo; explora el desamor, la soledad, la sensualidad y la denuncia. Y proporciona al lector un acercamiento al misterio del yagé, planta sagrada para los seis mil integrantes del pueblo Camëntsá. Juan Guillermo Sánchez Martínez ofrece en el prólogo un balance de esta obra: "Jamioy no solo construye su poesía a partir de los cantos y medicinas tradicionales, las plegarias, las consejas, las reiteraciones populares, y los lugares y personajes del pueblo, sino que encuentra su voz también en los cuestionamientos y las búsquedas personales, así como en algunos juegos propios de la poesía conversacional en los que involucra al lector no indígena".

Throughout this paper, the main interest is in describing the use and practice of socialnetworking by Colombian migrants and its influence on the relation with, and the construction of a discourse about, Colombian conflict and social reality. In addressing the problematization of cyberspace and its virtuality as a space, an account is given of the singularities, political concerns, and personal expectations of two Colombian migrants living in Berlin. This leads to an analysis of the influence of virtuality in the construction of political and social discourses and of practices abroad. The discussion of the authenticity and “realness” of the virtual world and virtual relationships invokes the supposed opposition between virtual space as abstract, and the real world as the tangible and real one. However the notions of virtuality and reality are not necessarily opposed. According to Augé (1995), a place is defined as relational, historical and concerned with identity. Borrmann (2013) concludes in her study that cyberspace cannot be understood as an abstract place, meant to exist only “while we are sitting in front of the computer” (64). From this reasoning, several questions guide this paper: If the cyberspace is a tangible one, how do migrants—those people who supposedly live in between territories—relate to virtuality? How are these virtual spaces and places constructed from the singularities of Colombian migrants in Berlin? How do they relate to the actuality overseas, in their home countries?

This paper considers nineteenth Century British travel accounts of Colombia. By analysing how those travellers represented the country, it aims to explore the different ways in which “the tropics” were imagined, experienced and constructed. On the one hand, it is suggested that those representations helped to forge an image of the country as a promising nature inhabited by backward races, underpinning a widespread vision of the tropic: that of a vacant space abounding of exploitable natural resources waiting to be transformed by Europeans’ ‘civilized’ hands and endeavour. On the other hand, contested and often contradictory ideas that those travellers harboured about climate and European acclimatization are explored, suggesting that Europeans’ perceptions of the tropic resulted from a permanent negotiation between images brought from home and the landscapes they encountered. To conclude, it is argued that those constructions are revealing of how travel writing was above all a cultural practice, where the traveller’s vision is not exclusively determined by established paradigms, but transformed by the landscapes he encounters and interacts with.