This article re-conceptualises genocide on indigenous peoples by disentangling its cultural dimensions. Extractive and similar operations gradually deteriorate lands and environment, exerting severe impacts on territorial rights, eventually on their physical and cultural annihilation. The article approaches the crime of genocide in both its physical and cultural dimensions, demanding its integration into IHRL and criminal law. Recent ethnographic research in Bolivia and Colombia demonstrates how indigenous peoples are gradually exposed to genocidal policies despite strong legal frameworks. Such rights materialise in the form of prior consultation, land rights, prohibition of forced relocation and maintaining of organisational and decisionmaking procedures.

The purpose of this paper is to identify and analyze how prison systems in Argentina, Chile, Colombia, and Mexico respond to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). It explores the challenges these institutions face, the actions taken, the beneficiaries from such measures, and their immediate effect. We argue that governments and prison authorities struggle to put in place comprehensive measures to prevent and control the spread of COVID-19 within these institutions and that more concrete and swift actions are needed to address the magnitude and the consequences of the pandemic. This paper uses both primary and secondary data to describe the current prison situation and analyze institutional responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in these countries.

This work aims to consider the existing relationship between the discourses of national history generally recognized as a trade attributed to the field of historiography in which historical discourses are found; and literature as another possible view of Colombian history; however, several writers have taken up these historical discourses to recreate and transform them into new interpretative proposals, framed by literary contexts. To achieve this, the fictional discourse has used both the historical discourse and the author’s imagination to contextualize, criticize, interpret, clarify and even parody moments, times or periods alluding to a specific event. In this approaches, it is evident that it is through literary discourse that other search options and possible loos are presented to find answers about some events, interpret documents of various genres, describe past events and/or recreate existing stories, to imagine what fictional literary. Este trabajo se propone considerar la relación existente que existe entre los discursos de la historia nacional generalmente reconocidos como un oficio atribuido al campo de la historiografía en el que se encuentran los discursos históricos; y la literatura como otra posible mirada de la historia colombiana; sin embargo, varios escritores han retomado estos discursos históricos para recrearlos y transformarlos en nuevas propuestas interpretativas, enmarcadas por los contextos literarios. Para lograrlo, el discurso novelesco se ha valido, tanto del discurso histórico como de la imaginación del autor para contextualizar, criticar, interpretar, esclarecer e incluso parodiar momentos, épocas o periodos alusivos a un evento específico. En estos planteamientos se evidencia que es a través del discurso literario en el que se presentan otras opciones de búsqueda y miradas posibles para hallar respuestas sobre algunos acontecimientos, interpretar documentos de diversos géneros, describir hechos pasados y/o recrear historias existentes, para imaginar lo literario novelesco.

Understanding factors that hinder vaccination, including logistical and social constraints, is critical to finding the most effective approach for the global eradication of peste des petits ruminants (PPR). Vaccination projects should analyze the supply chain and take it into consideration when planning and creating a vaccination strategy. Adequate supply chain management of the PPR vaccine could lead to reduced cost, increased availability, and the construction of a data platform for other livestock vaccines. Integrating the supply chain of PPR vaccine with other veterinary or health commodities could reduce cost, as well as increase uptake. The use of a thermostable vaccine could potentially have a positive impact on the eradication of PPR in remote areas, such as the Karamoja subregion in Uganda, as it did with rinderpest across Sub Saharan Africa. In terms of vaccine delivery, the use of community animal health workers (CAHWs) could be beneficial in certain areas, such as the Karamoja subregion of Uganda, by alleviating supply chain constraints in the last-mile delivery, as well as increasing coverage and uptake. A gendered approach to livestock vaccines should also be considered, as decision-making power regarding livestock vaccination is gendered in many various contexts. The PPR eradication strategy—as well as other livestock vaccination programs—would be more effective and efficient if the supply chain management were considered as a key component in the process and efforts tailored, accordingly. Comprender los factores que obstaculizan la vacunación, incluidas las limitaciones logísticas y sociales, es fundamental para encontrar el enfoque más eficaz para la erradicación mundial de la peste de los pequeños rumiantes (PPR). Los proyectos de vacunación deben analizar la cadena de suministro y tenerla en cuenta al planificar y crear una estrategia de vacunación. La gestión adecuada de la cadena de suministro de la vacuna contra la PPR podría conducir a una reducción de los costos, una mayor disponibilidad y la construcción de una plataforma de datos para otras vacunas para ganado. La integración de la cadena de suministro de la vacuna contra la PPR con otros productos veterinarios o de salud podría reducir los costos y aumentar la aceptación. El uso de una vacuna termoestable podría tener un impacto positivo en la erradicación de la PPR en áreas remotas, como la subregión de Karamoja en Uganda, como ocurrió con la peste bovina en el África subsahariana. En términos de entrega de vacunas, el uso de trabajadores comunitarios de salud animal (CAHW) podría ser beneficioso en ciertas áreas, como la subregión de Karamoja en Uganda, al aliviar las limitaciones de la cadena de suministro en la entrega de última milla, así como aumentar la cobertura y la aceptación. También se debe considerar un enfoque de género para las vacunas del ganado, ya que el poder de toma de decisiones con respecto a la vacunación del ganado tiene un género en muchos contextos diferentes. La estrategia de erradicación de la PPR, así como otros programas de vacunación del ganado, sería más eficaz y eficiente si la gestión de la cadena de suministro se considerara un componente clave del proceso y los esfuerzos se adaptarán en consecuencia.

Resumen: Narradoras adolescentes en la literatura colombiana explora representaciones de la adolescencia por medio de las voces y perspectivas de niñas en algunos cuentos y novelas escritos por escritoras colombianas. El texto indaga sobre la cuestión de cómo estas voces representan las tensiones y contradicciones entre las cómodas creencias de los adultos y la perspectiva inquisitiva de las adolescentes. También observa los diversos grados de conocimiento sobre las adolescentes mismas y los distintos medios y posibilidades con los que cuentan para adquirir dicho conocimiento. Estas búsquedas varían en gran medida de acuerdo con los antecedentes familiares, las diferencias culturales y regionales y el momento histórico en el cual viven. Las autoras consideradas son Simanca Pushaina, Vicenta Siosi Pino, Silvia Galvis Ramírez y Margarita García Robayo. Abstract: Female Adolescent Narrators in Colombian Literature explores representations of adolescents through the voices and perspectives of girls in some novels and short stories written by Colombian female writers. It delves into the question of how these voices represent the tensions and contradictions between the comfortable beliefs of the adults and the enquiring perspective of the adolescent girls. It also looks at the characters’ different levels of knowledge about themselves and the different means and possibilities they have in order to acquire this knowledge. These searches vary greatly according to the protagonists’ families, their cultural and regional differences and the historical moment they are living in. The authors considered are Simanca Pushaina, Vicenta Siosi Pino, Silvia Galvis Ramirez and Margarita Garcia Robayo.

After analyzing the unsustainable context in which businesses operate today, the positive reactions that Millennials have on responsible business practices, the efforts from corporate social responsibility and marketing departments, and the recent announcements of the global design community in response to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations, this paper presents a framework to help designers working with for-profit companies to magnify the impact of their practice by incorporating the SDGs as design principles that lead to more positive outcomes for people, planet, and profits. Achieving the agenda agreed by world leaders at the United Nations in 2015 sets an ambitious and transformative vision for peace and prosperity on a healthy planet, which will require disruptive innovation to be reached, and will bring enormous business opportunities. According to the Business and Sustainable Development Commission, achieving the SDGs will open $12 trillion in market opportunities from now until 2030 in sectors including food, agriculture, cities, energy, materials, health, and well-being. These market opportunities could be explored by serving emergent users such as the conscious Millennials, a generation that currently numbers 80 million in the United States alone, and will hold a global yearly spending power of $2.5 trillion by 2020. Después de analizar el contexto insostenible en el que operan las empresas en la actualidad, las reacciones positivas que tienen los Millennials sobre las prácticas empresariales responsables, los esfuerzos de los departamentos de responsabilidad social corporativa y marketing, y los recientes anuncios de la comunidad global del diseño en respuesta a los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) de Naciones Unidas, este documento presenta un marco para ayudar a los diseñadores que trabajan con empresas con fines de lucro a magnificar el impacto de su práctica al incorporar los ODS como principios de diseño que conducen a resultados más positivos para las personas, el planeta y para el desarrollo económico. Lograr la agenda acordada por los líderes mundiales en las Naciones Unidas en 2015 establece una visión ambiciosa y transformadora para la paz y la prosperidad en un planeta saludable, que requerirá una innovación disruptiva para alcanzarse y traerá enormes oportunidades comerciales. Según la Comisión de Negocios y Desarrollo Sostenible, lograr los ODS abrirá 12 billones de dólares en oportunidades de mercado desde ahora hasta 2030 en sectores que incluyen alimentos, agricultura, ciudades, energía, materiales, salud y bienestar. Estas oportunidades de mercado podrían explorarse atendiendo a los usuarios emergentes, como los Millennials conscientes, una generación que actualmente cuenta con 80 millones solo en los Estados Unidos, y que tendrá un poder adquisitivo anual global de $2.5 billones para 2020. Distinción: Published in conference proceedings

This paper aims to analyze concealment and deception in self-defeating organizational crisis response strategies and the possible consequences of their adoption on a company’s reputation. It represents an example of where every guideline to address stakeholders after a crisis was dismissed. It investigates a major environmental incident that took place in Colombia in 2013 and studies how the responsible company responded to the incident through the examination of company reports, media statements and national and international newspaper articles. The analysis shows that in addition to environmental damage, the company’s reputation was affected by the way the company responded during this crisis. The outcomes highlight the importance of the manner in which a crisis response is managed, as these types of mistakes often aggravate reputational damage. This paper is an invitation for companies to be quick, consistent and transparent with their responses when facing their stakeholders in moments of crisis. Not doing so may aggravate not only social but also economic and environmental impacts. Contrary to other contributions on the subject, this study implies that a misleading crisis response, including concealment and deception, can be an even greater challenge to a company’s reputation than the crisis itself.

The present work addresses the question of how companies belonging to the natural resource industry use to perform greenwashing practices to their organizational value chain processes. For this purpose, a multi-case approach with five different cases in the Colombian context is adopted. Through the data analysis, an exemplification of each of the five value chain greenwashing transgressions at the company level is provided. Besides highlighting a real-life problematic with several implications in a sensitive context, the contributions of this work are twofold. First, the work contributes to reinforcing the notion of greenwashing and related transgressions by clarifying a concrete way of identifying certain deceptive practices related to the organizational value chain under certain conditions. Second, this work promotes the transferability of the concepts used for elucidating the reality of the value chain greenwashing phenomenon at different levels and in various geographical contexts. Finally, both theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Framed by the normative dimension of the crisis communication literature, this study examines and compares the messages conveyed by two large companies in the South American extractive industry when dealing with catastrophic crises. By focusing on the application of the ethics of care principles, this study illustrates two divergent ways of conducting interpersonal relationships and benevolence as a virtue when communicating with stakeholders in the aftermath of two recent socio-environmental disasters involving human losses in Venezuela and Brazil. For this purpose, the offending companies’ official responses obtained from various public sources are analyzed, both within and across the two cases, in light of a proposed outline of the theoretical framework at issue. The results show the contrasting ways in which these companies approached their stakeholders through crisis responses when referring to crisis casualties. Furthermore, the study compares the two cases’ backgrounds and argues that the socio-political context influences the corporate decisions on crisis responses.

En el presente trabajo se propone evaluar el grado de imparcialidad en la percepción general sobre la importancia de los diversos stakeholders junto con lo que ellos reclaman y afirman. Para ello, se pondrán a prueba los constructos relacionados con la influencia, interés, legitimidad y urgencia en un escenario real de crisis medio-ambiental. El estudio propuesto consiste en la evaluación de percepciones sobre un estudio de caso real, a partir de un análisis de correspondencia múltiple aplicado sobre una muestra representativa de estudiantes profesionales de diferentes nacionalidades en una escuela de negocios Francesa acreditada internacionalmente. A partir de los resultados es posible determinar que, contrario a lo esperado en estudiantes con alta formación en negocios, aún se encuentran ciertos sesgos respecto a la importancia que se le debe dar a cada stakeholder en los constructos analizados.