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Imagen de apoyo de  Potential for environmental retrofitting of buildings built under modernist influence in Bogota

Potential for environmental retrofitting of buildings built under modernist influence in Bogota

Por: Juan Manuel Fernández Azuero | Fecha: 2013

Bogotá is facing the problem of a large and rapidly growth to its periphery, reducing green areas, affecting the environment and stressing the city’s infrastructure just to name some negative effects. This scenario is even worse when looking to the city centre in which many buildings are abandoned or not used to their full potential. Other buildings need an intervention in order to meet current legislation and activities requirements. Environmental architecture seems not to be part of the agenda. In the other hand, many of the new buildings are not aware of how the design can affect the quality of the space and the environmental performance of the building. Glazed facades facing all orientations, equal treatment to all facades, lack of solar control elements, heating and cooling in a climate where sometimes coupling with the outside is desirable are just some of the things that suggest a review of what is being done.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Artículos
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Potential for environmental retrofitting of buildings built under modernist influence in Bogota

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Imagen de apoyo de  How operational and hydrological changes affect dam behavior. The Miel I reaction

How operational and hydrological changes affect dam behavior. The Miel I reaction

Por: Mauricio Jiménez García | Fecha: 2013

Miel I, a Roller Compact Concrete (RCC) dam located in Colombia, has operated for almost ten years and operational/commercial practices and hydrological behavior has been stable. However, during the last two years, Miel I has confront changes in these two aspects. Before these changes, Miel I spillway was used just in two occasions and during a short period of time. However, because these changes, the spillway was used during 30 days in 2010 and 47 days in 2011. Additionally, since August 2010, the reservoir has increased its tributaries due to the Guarino tunnel diverse project. All these aspects have changed the reservoir levels during all the year and especially during raining season and affected directly the dam behavior. Miel I has confront forces and solicitudes which was never exposed. As a product of this, small fissures and changes in some instrumentation levels were observed during this time. It is clear that these changes have not compromised the dam safety although, it is also true that the Miel I dam for first time in ten years has been request to work against reservoir highest levels. The information, analysis and conclusions collected during these periods of time will allow the maintenance group to define, in advance, practices for this new condition and more important, will close the gap between the operational practices and the dam safety standards.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Artículos
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How operational and hydrological changes affect dam behavior. The Miel I reaction

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Imagen de apoyo de  Δc Rings and their basic properties

Δc Rings and their basic properties

Por: Jefferson Miguel Hernández Cáceres | Fecha: 2016

Abstract: In this paper we introduce a c-derivation δc, Δc-rings and some basic properties. Finally, we prove that the radical of a Δc-ideal is also a Δc-ideal. Resumen: En este artículo introducimos una c-derivación δc, Δc-anillos y algunas propiedades básicas. Finalmente, como resultado general se demuestra que el radical de un Δc-ideal es también un Δc-ideal.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Artículos
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Imagen de apoyo de  Inflationary prediction for primordial non-gaussianity = La prediccion inflacionaria acerca de la no-gaussianidad primordial

Inflationary prediction for primordial non-gaussianity = La prediccion inflacionaria acerca de la no-gaussianidad primordial

Por: David H.; Rodríguez García Lyth | Fecha: 2005

We extend the Infinite N formalism so that it gives all of the stochastic properties of the primordial curvature perturbation if the initial ?eld perturbations are Gaussian. The calculation requires only the knowledge of some family of unperturbed universes. A formula is given for the normalization fNL of the bispectrum of, which is the main signal of non-Gaussianity. Examples of the use of the formula are given, and its relation to cosmological perturbation theory is explained.
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Inflationary prediction for primordial non-gaussianity = La prediccion inflacionaria acerca de la no-gaussianidad primordial

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Imagen de apoyo de  The effectiveness of the clean development mechanism proposed by United Nations in 2001, as a strategy for reducing greenhouse emissons at worldwide scale

The effectiveness of the clean development mechanism proposed by United Nations in 2001, as a strategy for reducing greenhouse emissons at worldwide scale

Por: Adriana Pinto Brun | Fecha: 2013

The Author aims to show the results presented by the Clean development Mechanism (CDM) created under the Kyoto Protocol as tool to promote a flexible scheme to meet the commitments. After thirteen years of CDM operation, results exposed a discouraging panorama as GHG emissions keep increasing. The situation got complex as it has been some barriers that prevented CDM optimal operation. With a new second commitment period entering into force, CDM scheme provides an uncertain outlook so far. The first period results are shown along with the characteristics of the second one and the future CDM market trends. It is also reviewed the CDM background, following by the analysis of the periods’ situation and possible actions that can be taken in order to enhance CDM as emissions reduction strategy, finished by conclusions from the author.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Artículos
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The effectiveness of the clean development mechanism proposed by United Nations in 2001, as a strategy for reducing greenhouse emissons at worldwide scale

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Imagen de apoyo de  Spatial connectivity as a recovery process indicator: The L’Aquila earthquake = Conectividad espacial como indicadores de un proceso de recuperación: el terremoto de L’Aquila

Spatial connectivity as a recovery process indicator: The L’Aquila earthquake = Conectividad espacial como indicadores de un proceso de recuperación: el terremoto de L’Aquila

Por: Diana María; Blaschke Contreras Mojica | Fecha: 2013

The main objective of this paper is to prove that spatial connectivity can be an effective spatial indicator for monitoring and evaluating the recovery process after the event of an earthquake. It integrates variables such as distance, travel time and quality of public transport service. We hypothesize that there is a relationship between the connectivity to the central business districts in cities, and the satisfaction with the locations of new settlements assigned to the homeless population during a recovery process. If this hypothesis holds true, then the satisfaction with new settlements will be correlated with the inhabitants’ preference to either stay, or to search for a new site. This will then support the evaluation of the success of a recovery process. To prove this relationship we investigated the twelve months recovery process in L’Aquila in Italy. Spatial data sets were used and analyzed using GIS. Fieldwork data and interviews were conducted in order to investigate the satisfaction of persons living in newly established places outside of the city. We compared the strength of the desire of the interviewees to move away, against the travel distance and travel time to the city center. The statistical analysis reveals that the preference to search for another place was significantly correlated with the distance between new settlements and the city center of L’Aquila. To a lesser degree it was correlated with the travel time. The regression indicated that the distance between the new settlements and the inner city strongly influences the preference to either stay or to move.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Artículos
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Spatial connectivity as a recovery process indicator: The L’Aquila earthquake = Conectividad espacial como indicadores de un proceso de recuperación: el terremoto de L’Aquila

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Imagen de apoyo de  Low scale inflation and the immediate heavy curvaton decay = Inflacion de baja energia y el decaimiento inmediato del curvaton pesado

Low scale inflation and the immediate heavy curvaton decay = Inflacion de baja energia y el decaimiento inmediato del curvaton pesado

Por: Yeinzon Rodríguez García | Fecha: 2005

The end of a thermal inflation era, driven by the rolling of a flaton fi eld coupled to the curvaton, cause a huge increase in the curvaton mass and decay rate while the curvaton is still frozen. It is shown that, if this increase is enough for the curvaton to immediately decay, low scale in inflation with Hubble parameter.
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Low scale inflation and the immediate heavy curvaton decay = Inflacion de baja energia y el decaimiento inmediato del curvaton pesado

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Imagen de apoyo de  A New Perspective Towards The Teaching Of The Listening Skill In Colombia

A New Perspective Towards The Teaching Of The Listening Skill In Colombia

Por: María Concepción Campo Porto | Fecha: 2016

Abstract: This paper reflects on how adapting a new listening pedagogy in the Colombian Context will improve students’ listening skills as well as heighten students’ motivation in learning English. The reflection begins with contextualising the reader regarding the Colombian educational policies in terms of ‘bilingualism’ and emphasises that a change is to be made in order achieve the goals of The Foreign Languages Competencies Development Programme (Proyecto de Fortalecimiento al Desarrollo de Competencias en Lenguas Extranjeras) PFDCLE. It explains why current listening practices are not enough to promote the learning of good listening skills and then proposes the implementation of two new approaches that listening researchers have found successful in recent years: teaching of listening strategies and extensive listening. Benefits of both approaches are discussed, especially in terms of increasing students’ motivation, which will boost students’ autonomy. Finally, suggestions are made regarding how to apply these new approaches in the Colombian context. Resumen: Este ensayo reflexiona sobre cómo la adaptación de una nueva pedagogía de listening en el contexto colombiano mejorará las habilidades de escucha de los estudiantes y aumentará su motivación para aprender inglés. La reflexión comienza con la contextualización del lector respecto a las políticas educativas colombianas en términos de "bilingüismo" y enfatiza que se debe realizar un cambio para alcanzar los objetivos del Programa de Desarrollo de Competencias en Lenguas Extranjeras (PFDCLE). Así pues, se explica por qué las prácticas de listening actuales no son suficientes para promover el aprendizaje de la buena comprensión auditiva por lo que propone la implementación de dos nuevos enfoques que algunos investigadores han encontrado exitosos en la enseñanza de un nuevo: enseñanza de estrategias de escucha y escucha extensiva. Los beneficios de ambos enfoques se discuten, especialmente en términos de aumentar la motivación de los estudiantes, y hacer a los estudiantes más autónomos. Finalmente, se hacen sugerencias sobre cómo aplicar estos nuevos enfoques en el contexto colombiano.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Artículos
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A New Perspective Towards The Teaching Of The Listening Skill In Colombia

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Pesca. Costa Rica

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