Descripción física : [2] p. ; 28 cm

"We studied temporal variation in adult size and sexual size dimorphism (SSD) of seven hunting spider species, Ctenus amphora, C. crulsi, C. manauara, C. villasboasi (Ctenidae), Phoneutria fera, P. reidyi (Ctenidae), and Ancylometes rufus (Pisauridae) in a tropical rainforest, and one species from a relatively open vegetation habitat, C. minor, in central Amazonia. Size variation was great within and among field trips. Spiders were generally smaller in October (end of dry season) when compared with other months: adults of C. amphora, C. crulsi and C. manauara were significantly smaller in October 1995 when compared to February 1996; P. fera were smaller in October 1998 than in June 1998; and A. rufus were smaller in October 1998 than in August 1998. The temporal variation in size is possibly a result of low prey availability during the dry season. Six species had significant differences in prosoma length between males and females: C. amphora, C. crulsi, C. manauara and C. minor had larger males (which is considered rare in spiders), and P. reidyi and P. fera had larger females. However, considering an alternative index of size, the ‘‘rough area’’ (an approximate measure of the area of the spider as seen from above), the males were significantly larger for all species (up to 2.8 times in C. minor), because they have longer legs relative to their prosoma length. We suggest that selection for high mobility may be the reason for adult males with longer legs, and that the smaller species had higher degrees of sexual dimorphism in leg length because of the relative size of obstacles in the leaf litter. Resumen: Estudiamos la variación temporal en el tamaño adulto y el dimorfismo del tamaño sexual (SSD) de siete especies de arañas cazadoras, Ctenus amphora, C. crulsi, C. manauara, C. villasboasi (Ctenidae), Phoneutria fera, P. reidyi (Ctenidae) y Ancylometes rufus (Pisauridae) en una selva tropical, y una especie de un hábitat de vegetación relativamente abierto, C. minor, en la Amazonía central. La variación de tamaño fue excelente dentro y entre las excursiones. Las arañas fueron generalmente más pequeñas en octubre (final de la estación seca) en comparación con otros meses: los adultos de C. amphora, C. crulsi y C. manauara fueron significativamente más pequeños en octubre de 1995 en comparación con febrero de 1996; P. fera fueron más pequeños en octubre de 1998 que en junio de 1998; y A. rufus fueron más pequeños en octubre de 1998 que en agosto de 1998. La variación temporal en el tamaño es posiblemente el resultado de la baja disponibilidad de presas durante la estación seca. Seis especies tenían diferencias significativas en la longitud del prosoma entre machos y hembras: C. amphora, C. crulsi, C. manauara y C. minor tenían machos más grandes (lo que se considera raro en las arañas), y P. reidyi y P. fera tenían más hembras, Sin embargo, considerando un índice de tamaño alternativo, el ""área rugosa"" (una medida aproximada del área de la araña como se ve desde arriba), los machos fueron significativamente más grandes para todas las especies (hasta 2,8 veces en C. minor), porque tienen piernas más largas en relación con la longitud de su prosoma. Sugerimos que la selección para una alta movilidad puede ser la razón de los machos adultos con patas más largas, y que las especies más pequeñas tenían grados más altos de dimorfismo sexual en la longitud de las patas debido al tamaño relativo de los obstáculos en la hojarasca."

Results from the recent excavations at the Cuncaicha rock shelter (4480 m above sea level) suggest a successful colonization of the Andean highlands by groups of foragers during the Terminal Pleistocene and Early Holocene. The discovery of Early and Late Holocene human remains buried in the site brings new opportunities to assess mobility and occupation strategies during this period. In this study, isotopic analysis of strontium (87Sr/86Sr) and oxygen (δ18O) in faunal and human dental enamel helped to identify the most likely areas where humans obtained food and consumed water during their formative years. Collection of modern plant and water samples also helped to define a reliable background for the mobility analysis within the study area.87Sr/86Sr ratios andδ18O on dental enamel showed that Early Holocene humans lived within the Pucuncho Basin and obtained most of their resources from there. Isotopic analyses are an important step for modeling the mobility patterns of the Early Holocene occupants of Cuncaicha.

To meet the goals of the Paris Agreement, the Netherlands is integrating large amounts of offshore wind energy into the power system and has ambitious plans for the coming years. A grid topology with transmission capacity above 1 GW connecting offshore wind farms (OWFs) at distances close to 100 km in a standardized, modular, and cost-efficient manner is the focus of this paper. An electromagnetic transient (EMT) model was built in PSCAD in which OWFs are connected with 66-kV cables to a centralized offshore platform and a transmission link with a capacity of 1050 MW. The 66-kV cables will be coupled to three converter transformers connected to each other on the valve side and not on the 66-kV side. The link to the onshore transmission network uses VSC-HVDC technology with MMC topology. A dynamic performance analysis was done to obtain a complete overview and understanding of the overall behaviour of the network. Resumen: Para cumplir con los objetivos del Acuerdo de París, los Países Bajos están integrando grandes cantidades de energía eólica marina en el sistema eléctrico y tienen planes ambiciosos para los próximos años. En este artículo se presenta una nueva topología de red con una capacidad de transmisión superior a 1 GW que conecta parques eólicos marinos a distancias cercanas a 100 km de manera estandarizada, modular y rentable. Se construyó un modelo electromagnético transitorio (EMT) en PSCAD en el que los parques eólicos marinos están conectados con cables de 66 kV a una plataforma centralizada mar adentro y un enlace de transmisión con una capacidad de 1050 MW. Los cables de 66 kV se acoplarán a tres transformadores convertidores conectados entre sí en el lado de las válvulas, pero no en el lado de 66 kV. El enlace a la red de transmisión en tierra utiliza tecnología de corriente continua de alto voltaje (HVDC) con topología de convertidor multinivel modular (MMC). Se realizó un estudio para evaluar el desempeño dinámico de la topología propuesta y se detalla el modelamiento de cada elemento del sistema.

Based on the premise that the nature of melodrama defies the traditional interpretation of the concept of genre in cinema studies, the intention of this work is to critically consider the adaptability quality of melodrama, as a metagenre, but especially as an emotional aesthetic structure of significance. Given the prominence of this dual quality of melodrama in Mexican films, this essay will analytically compare two Mexican melodramas: Allá en el Rancho Grande (1949) and Susana (1951). These films, convergent in terms of their use of established melodramatic themes, but ideologically divergent, are both considered melodramas. A renewed look at them could illustrate the adaptability of the melodramatic mode. Resumen: Basado en la premisa de que la naturaleza del melodrama desafía la interpretación tradicional del concepto de género en los estudios cinematográficos, la intención de este trabajo es considerar críticamente la adaptabilidad del melodrama, como un metagénero, pero especialmente como una estructura estética emocional de significado. Dada la importancia de esta doble cualidad de melodrama en las películas mexicanas, este ensayo comparará analíticamente dos melodramas mexicanos: Allá en el Rancho Grande (1949) y Susana (1951). Estas dos películas, convergentes en términos del uso de los temas melodramáticos establecidos, pero ideológicamente divergentes, se consideran igualmente melodramas. Una mirada renovada a ellas ilustrará mejor la adaptabilidad del modo melodramático.

Large amounts of offshore wind energy are planned by the Dutch government for the next years. The Dutch power system will continue to evolve to integrate these new sources of green power efficiently. The dynamic system performance of a grid topology with transmission capacity above 1 GW connecting offshore wind farms (OWFs) at distances close to (or beyond) 100 km in a standardized and modular manner is the focus of this paper. An electromagnetic transient (EMT) model was built in PSCAD in which OWFs are connected with 66 kV cables to a centralized offshore platform and a transmission link with a capacity of 1050 MW. The connection to the onshore transmission network is through a high voltage direct current (HVDC) link that uses a modular multilevel converter (MMC) topology. A dynamic performance analysis with several expected operational cases is done to obtain a complete overview and understanding of the system. Resumen: El gobierno holandés planea grandes cantidades de energía eólica marina para los próximos años. El sistema de transmisión de energía holandés continuará evolucionando para integrar estas nuevas fuentes de energía renovables no convencionales de manera eficiente. El desempeño dinámico de un sistema eléctrico con una topología de red con capacidad de transmisión por encima de 1 GW que conecta parques eólicos marinos a distancias cercanas (o más allá) de 100 km de manera estandarizada y modular se presenta en este artículo. Se construyó un modelo electromagnético transitorio en PSCAD en el que los parques eólicos marinos están conectados con cables de 66 kV a una plataforma centralizada mar adentro y un enlace de transmisión con una capacidad de 1050 MW. La conexión a la red de transmisión en tierra es a través de un enlace de corriente continua de alto voltaje (HVDC) que utiliza una topología de convertidor multinivel modular (MMC). Se realizó un estudio dinámico con varios casos operativos esperados para obtener una visión general completa y una comprensión del desempeño de todos los elementos del sistema.

Rationale: Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM – lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, and maresins) are produced via the enzymatic conversion of essential fatty acids, including the omega-3 fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and docosapentaenoic acid (n-3 DPA). These mediators exert potent leukocyte directed actions and control vascular inflammation. Supplementation of animals and humans with essential fatty acids, in particular omega-3 fatty acids, exerts protective actions reducing vascular and systemic inflammation. Of note, the mechanism(s) activated by these supplements in exerting their protective actions remain poorly understood. Objective: Given that essential fatty acids are precursors in the biosynthesises of SPM, the aim of the present study was to establish the relationship between supplementation and peripheral SPM concentrations. We also investigated the relationship between changes in plasma SPM concentrations and peripheral blood platelet and leukocyte responses. Methods and Results: Healthy volunteers were enrolled in a double blinded, placebo controlled, crossover study and peripheral blood was collected at baseline and 2, 4, 6 and 24h post administration of placebo or one of three doses of an enriched marine oil supplement. Assessment of plasma SPM concentrations using lipid mediator profiling demonstrated a time and dose-dependent increase in peripheral blood SPM concentration. Supplementation also led to a regulation of peripheral blood cell responses. Here we found a dose-dependent increase in neutrophil and monocyte phagocytosis of bacteria, and a decrease in the diurnal activation of leukocytes and platelets, as measured by a decreased adhesion molecule expression. In addition, transcriptomic analysis of peripheral blood cells demonstrated a marked shift in transcript levels of immune and metabolic genes 24h post-supplementation when compared with placebo. Conclusions: Together these findings demonstrate that supplementation with an enriched marine oil leads to an increase in peripheral blood SPM concentrations and reprograms peripheral blood, indicating a role for SPM in mediating the immune directed actions of this supplement.

The Doña Juana Volcanic Complex (DJVC) is an active volcanic zone located in southern Colombia, an area lacking geothermal exploration data. Using the results of hydrogeochemical analyses of hot springs, thermal waters were divided into two groups: Doña Juana System (DJS) and Las Animas System (AS). The DJS thermal waters are sulphate-bicarbonate and the AS dilute-chloride waters with relatively high concentrations of alkalis. The stable isotope and some element ratios suggested a mixing process between geothermal fluids and meteoric waters where AS is related to the upflow with a reservoir temperature around 180 °C estimated through solute geothermometers and mineral equilibrium geothermometry, showing a high temperature system in which the fault systems apparently play an important role in the flow of the geothermal fluids

Software Defined Networks (SDN) is a networking approach that decouples the intelligent control plane from networking devices and establishes a separate entity called "controller" that rule the behaviour of the data plane on physical networking devices. Due to the rapid evolution and growth of SDN controllers in the market, this paper aims to present an extensive study on performance and scalability of different open source SDN controllers available in the existing literature. This work covers previous studies and expands them with updated information and official benchmarking methodologies. The study provides a framework based on the standards recommended by the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) and it will serve as a guideline to the SDN community to benchmark different SDN controllers.

Dabeiba is a small locality situated at the northern part of the Western Cordillera of Colombia which has the presence of thermal springs with interesting geology and hydrochemistry data. Through stable isotopes a faint mixture between the geothermal waters with superficial waters was identified. The springs are sodium-chloride type slightly diluted, with high concentration of boron. Using the conservative elements allowed identifying all springs from the same reservoir and they are in partial equilibrium according to Na-K-Mg diagram. The reservoir temperature was measured with solute geothermometers selected by the suitable conditions, identifying a low enthalpy system with values of ~150°C. The geothermal system is associated with deeply circulating waters in a fracture zone, where the waters possibly come of releasing from meta-sedimentary rocks and apparently with a bit of magmatic input, explaining the high concentrations salt components and boron.