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Imagen de apoyo de  Endophilia or exophobia: beyond discrimination = Endofilia o exofobia: más allá de discriminación

Endophilia or exophobia: beyond discrimination = Endofilia o exofobia: más allá de discriminación

Por: Nicolás; Feld Salamanca Acosta | Fecha: 2013

The immense literature on discrimination treats outcomes as relative: One group suffers compared to another. But does a difference arise because agents discriminate against others—are exophobic—or because they favor their own kind—are endophilic? This difference matters, as the relative importance of the types of discrimination and their inter-relation affect market outcomes. Using a field experiment in which graders at one university were randomly assigned students’ exams that did or did not contain the students’ names, on average we find favoritism but no discrimination by nationality, and neither favoritism nor discrimination by gender, findings that are robust to a wide variety of potential concerns. We observe heterogeneity in both discrimination and favoritism by nationality and by gender in the distributions of graders’ preferences. We show that a changing correlation between endophilia and exophobia can generate perverse changes in observed market discrimination.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Artículos
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Endophilia or exophobia: beyond discrimination = Endofilia o exofobia: más allá de discriminación

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Imagen de apoyo de  The impact of marketing systems on soil sustainability of agriculture in developing countries: a method and an application

The impact of marketing systems on soil sustainability of agriculture in developing countries: a method and an application

Por: Jairo; Meulenberg Castaño Galves | Fecha: 2005

This article is concerned with soil-sustainability problems of agriculture in developing countries, in particular with soil erosion. The aim of our study is to develop a comprehensive model that explains the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices with respect to soil conservation. Our approach includes the following special features: (A) The model is comprehensive in that it includes a large number of institutional, personal–social, economic, and physical explanatory variables. (B) Particular attention is paid to the influence of marketing systems on the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices, which to our knowledge has been neglected in past research. (C) The concept of adopting sustainable agricultural practices (ASAP) is differentiated into a limited number of basic components of soil conservation.(D) The model is estimated by Principal Component Regression, which enhances efficient estimation of the impact of many explanatory variables on ASAP. Our model is applied to Cabuyal hillside farming in Colombia. The application demonstrates the usefulness of the proposed model. ASAP is differentiated into three basic components: soil-disturbance control, soil-protection practices, and run-off control. It appears that soil-disturbance control is particularly influenced by farmers’ characteristics, such as education and managerial variables. The second component, soil-protection practices, appears to be strongly influenced not only by farmers’ managerial variables but also by their relationship with their environment, in particular marketing institutions. The third soil-conservation component, run-off control, is influenced by the physical characteristics of the plot and by the available farm labor. Our empirical results demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed model in designing agricultural policies, because it can determine which variables are more likely to influence the adoption of a specific type of soil conservation.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Artículos
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  • Agricultura

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The impact of marketing systems on soil sustainability of agriculture in developing countries: a method and an application

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Ministerio de Educacion levanta medidas preventivas a la Universidad Incca

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Imagen de apoyo de  Asphyxial suicide by inhalation of chloroform inside a plastic bag

Asphyxial suicide by inhalation of chloroform inside a plastic bag

Por: Andrés Rodríguez Zorro | Fecha: 2014

Abstract: Asphyxia suicide by placing a plastic bag over the head in addition with inhalation of gases or use of sedative substances is an unusual method of committing suicide, but frequently referenced by right to die groups in the Internet. This article reports 2 suicides in which chloroform was used to induce unconsciousness and subsequent asphyxia by placing the head in a plastic bag. Case histories of two young Colombian males, ages 23 and 28, are described with special emphasis on characteristics of death related to suffocation using plastic bags and chloroform. The final remarkable point in both cases is that the victims previously searched the WEB for instructions of suicide methods. The importance of the phenomenon of misuse of Internet by young people who commit suicide is stressed. Resumen: El suicidio por asfixia mediante la colocación de una bolsa de plástico sobre la cabeza, además de la inhalación de gases o el uso de sustancias sedantes es un método inusual de cometer suicidio, pero es frecuentemente referenciado por los grupos que apoyan el derecho al suicidio en Internet. Este artículo reporta 2 casos de suicidios en los que se usó cloroformo para inducir la inconsciencia y la asfixia subsecuente colocando la cabeza en una bolsa de plástico. Se describen las historias de 2 jóvenes colombianos, de edades comprendidas entre 23 y 28 años, con especial énfasis en las características de su muerte relacionadas con la asfixia mediante bolsas de plástico y cloroformo. El último punto notable en ambos casos es que las víctimas previamente buscaron en la WEB instrucciones de métodos suicidas. Se resalta la importancia del fenómeno del mal uso de Internet por parte de los jóvenes con alto riesgo suicida.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Artículos
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Asphyxial suicide by inhalation of chloroform inside a plastic bag

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Imagen de apoyo de  New records and distribution extensions of some bird species in the Colombian Andean-Orinoco, department of Meta

New records and distribution extensions of some bird species in the Colombian Andean-Orinoco, department of Meta

Por: Johanna Isabel; Bonilla Rojas Murillo Pacheco | Fecha: 2016

Abstract: Here we present new records for four bird species to the Andean foothills of the department of Meta in Colombia, and we confirm the occurrence and document range extensions for these in the basin of the Orinoco river. These species are the Pied-billed Grebe, Podilymbus podiceps (Linnaeus 1758), the Yellowchinned Spinetail, Certhiaxis cinnamomeus (Gmelin 1788), the Yellow-browed Tyrant, Satrapa icterophrys (Viellot 1818), and the Glossy Ibis, Plegadis falcinellus (Linnaeus 1766). We also report new sightings of the Prothonotary Warbler, Protonotaria citrea (Boddaert 1783), Least Grebe, Tachybaptus dominicus (Linnaeus 1766), Oilbird, Steatornis caripensis (Humboldt 1817) and Epaulet Oriole, Icterus cayanensis (Linnaeus 1766) in the Colombian Andean-Orinoco (Meta department). Resumen: Aquí presentamos nuevos registros para cuatro especies de aves para las estribaciones Andinas del Departamento del Meta en Colombia, y confirmamos la ocurrencia y documentamos la extensión de rango para éstas especies en la cuenca del río Orinoco. Estas especies son el Zambullidor común Podilymbus podiceps (Linnaeus 1758), el chamicero barbiamarillo, Certhiaxis cinnamomeus (Gmelin 1788), el mosquero cejiamarillo, Satrapa icterophrys (Viellot 1818), y el ibis pico de hoz, Plegadis falcinellus (Linnaeus 1766). También reportamos nuevos registros de la Reinita cabecidorada, Protonotaria citrea (Boddaert 1783), el zambullidor chico, Tachybaptus dominicus (Linnaeus 1766), el guacharo, Steatornis caripensis (Humboldt 1817) y el turpial boyerito, Icterus cayanensis (Linnaeus 1766) en el Orinoco Andino de Colombia (departamento del Meta).
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Artículos
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New records and distribution extensions of some bird species in the Colombian Andean-Orinoco, department of Meta

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Imagen de apoyo de  Resistance of primary microsurgical repair of palmar digital nerves to finger mobilization: A cadaver study

Resistance of primary microsurgical repair of palmar digital nerves to finger mobilization: A cadaver study

Por: Santiago; Hidalgo Díaz Salazar Botero | Fecha: 2016

Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the resistance of microsurgically repaired proper palmar digital nerves (PPDN) to mobilization. Thirty-nine PPDN from fresh forearms cadavers were transected and then sutured using 10/0 nylon. After skin closure, each finger was forcefully flexed and extended 10 times. Out of the 39 repaired nerves, two were elongated and four were ruptured; this amounts to a 15.38% complication rate. We recommend immobilization of nerve repairs, although this contradicts most recent studies. Resumen: El objetivo de este trabajo es probar la resistencia de la neurorrafia de los nervios colaterales digitales. Se utilizaron 39 nervios colaterales digitales de 8 antebrazos de cadáver. La sección del nervio se realizó a nivel de la mitad de la falange proximal. La neurorrafia se realizó con Nylon 10-0. Se revisaron los especímenes para constatar el estado de las neurorrafias. Al considerar falla cualquier solución de continuidad o distensión de la zona de sutura se presenta falla de la misma el 15.38%. Los resultados de este estudio llevan a concluir que la inmovilización es necesaria para prevenir la ruptura de la neurorrafia de los nervios colaterales digitales.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Artículos
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  • Medicina

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Resistance of primary microsurgical repair of palmar digital nerves to finger mobilization: A cadaver study

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Ministerio de Educacion levanta medidas preventivas a la Universidad Incca

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Ministerio de Educacion levanta medidas preventivas a la Universidad Incca

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Imagen de apoyo de  Local Wavelet-Vaguelette-Based Functional Classification of Gene Expression Data

Local Wavelet-Vaguelette-Based Functional Classification of Gene Expression Data

Por: Margarita María; Ruiz Medina Rincón Hidalgo | Fecha: 2012

This paper focuses on the problem of functional statistical classification of gene expression curves. A local-wavelet-vaguelette-based functional logistic regression approach is presented. This approach is specially suitable for the classification of non-stationary singular (non- differentiable) curves. The performance of the methodology proposed is illustrated by implementing it for the classification of yeast cell-cycle temporal gene expression profiles. A simulation study is also carried out for comparison with other functional classification methodologies.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Artículos
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Local Wavelet-Vaguelette-Based Functional Classification of Gene Expression Data

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Imagen de apoyo de  The economic value of environmental data: A notional insurance scheme for the European anchovy

The economic value of environmental data: A notional insurance scheme for the European anchovy

Por: Margarita María; Mumford Rincón Hidalgo | Fecha: 2016

Anchovy population dynamics in the Gulf of Cádiz are governed by environmental processes. Sea surface temperature, intense easterly winds, and discharges from the Guadalquivir River have been identified as key factors determining early life stage mortality in this anchovy stock. We have constructed an environment-based recruitment model that simulates the abundance of juveniles under alternative parameters representing plausible biological hypotheses. We are able to evaluate how modelling environment-based recruitment can affect stock assessment and how responding to environmental information can benefit fishery management to allow greater average catch levels through the application of harvest control rules (HCRs) based on environmental conditions. While the environment-based rules generally increase allowable catch levels the variance in catch levels also increases, detracting from the improved value based only on average yield. In addition to changes in revenue, the probability of stock collapse is also reduced by using environmental factors in HCRs. To assess the value of these management systems we simulate a notional insurance scheme, which applies a value to both average yields and uncertainty. The value of the information-driven rules can be determined by comparing the relevant premiums payable for equal levels of insurance cover on revenue within each specific management regime. We demonstrate the net value of incorporating environmental factors in the management of anchovies in the Gulf of Cádiz despite the increased variability in revenue. This could be an effective method to describe outcomes for both commercial fisheries and ecosystem management policies, and as a guide to management of other species whose dynamics are predictable based on in-season observations.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Artículos
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The economic value of environmental data: A notional insurance scheme for the European anchovy

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