Resumen: En épocas y contextos postmodernos es imperativo que las organizaciones adopten comportamientos autopoiéticos con acoplamientos estructurales. Ello implica, entre otras cuestiones, la generación de emprendimientos tanto dentro de los sistemas como dirigidos hacia el contexto trans-local. Ahora bien, generalizadamente tales emprendimientos han tendido a ser diseñados y operados a partir de praxis, interacciones discursivas y metáforas/racionalidades predominantemente moderno-capitalistas. Desde los años ochenta del siglo XX, tal modus operandi se ha asociado con la vigencia de crisis socionaturales mundiales, razón por la cual se plantea la preocupación por llevar a cabo un ajuste estratégico (moderno-capitalista) del emprendimiento en el marco de la sustentabilidad. Emerge así el emprendimiento que considera la sostenibilidad pero que la subordina subsume en la valorización del valor. Por supuesto, estos discursos/prácticas habrán de re-diseñarse de cara a erigir una verdadera o radical sustentabilidad. En este orden de ideas, el objetivo del presente trabajo es explorar, dentro de los planteamientos claves del proyecto de la transmodernidad y del pensamiento crítico del diseño, la existencia de directrices para re-diseñar el emprendimiento de cara al logro de la sustentabilidad radical. Como resultado de la exploración, se encontraron cerca de 33 ideas pertinentes que permitieron concluir en una plausible definición y proceso para la gestación de emprendimientos radicalmente sustentables. Se anota que el trabajo privilegia una metodología cualitativa con un paradigma constructivista/interpretativo. Específicamente, se usaron los métodos de investigación-análisis documental, entrevistas a expertos y construcción de textos argumentativos. Abstract: In postmodern times and context, it is imperative that organizations assume autopoietic behavior with structural linkage. Among other aspects this implies, entrepreneurship generation both inside the system as well as them aiming to trans-local context. Furthermore, these entrepreneurships have generally been tendentially designed and operated from praxis, discursive interactions and metaphors or rationalities which are predominantly modern-capitalist. Since the eighties, this modus operandi has been linked with the existence of social and natural crisis around the world, for that reason there is a concern for developing a strategic adjustment (modern-capitalist) of entrepreneurship in the frame of the sustainability. Thus, it appears as entrepreneurship that considers sustainability, but that subordinates and subsumes it inside process of valorization of value. Of course, those speeches and practices must be re-designed to build an authentic or radical sustainability. In this order of ideas, the purpose of this work is to seek into key arguments of the transmodernity project and the critical thinking of design; the guidelines for re-designing the entrepreneurship to achieve the radical sustainability. As a result of the research, it was found around 33 relevant ideas that allowed to conclude in a plausible definition and process for the generation of radically sustainable entrepreneurship. It is important to note that this work privileges a qualitative methodology with a constructivist and also interpretative paradigm. This work specifically used methods such as investigation and documentary analysis, interview to experts and construction of argumentative texts.

Abstract: This review aimed at evaluating the state of availability, accessibility and model of delivery of oral health services in prisons, globally. Five databases of peer-reviewed literature and potential sources of gray literature were systematically searched. Inclusion criteria encompassed oral health papers related to prisons globally, with exclusion of certain article types. Selection involved independent evaluations by two researchers, followed by quality assessment. Data on the availability of oral health interventions in prisons came from18 countries, while information on the model of delivery of the services is scarce. In addition, two sets of individual and organizational barriers toward oral health service uptake in prisons were revealed and discussed in the text. Lack of oral health services in prisons affects people living in prisons and jeopardizes their reintegration. Urgent and concrete international actions are required to ensure the availability, accessibility, and quality of oral health services among people living in prisons.

Abstract: The lowland tapir (Tapirus terrestris) is the second largest mammal in South America and occupies a wide variety of ecosystems where fulfills key functional roles. Is mainly folivorous, supplementing its diet with fruits, insects, and aquatic invertebrates. The lowland tapir is considered fundamental in shaping forest undergrowth and in seed dispersal processes. Despite its functional importance, ecological aspects related to diet, habitat use, and food preferences are still unknown in much of its geographic range. Currently, these aspects in the Colombian Orinoquia are still unknown. We wanted to develop an approximation to the diet of the lowland tapir in the Colombian Orinoquia based on fecal samples analysis and traditional knowledge derived from citizen science monitoring. Fecal samples were collected between October 2015 and July 2018, vegetation monitoring and interviews with local communities were implemented. In total, 37 species of plants were recorded, where 23 species were determined through traditional knowledge. The most representative species in fecal samples were Rudgea crassiloba, Attalea butyracea, Inga alba and Cecropia peltata. The most recognized plants by human local communities were Mauritia flexuosa, A. butyracea, Bellucia grossularioides and I. alba. Our results provide an insight about the importance of tapirs in the consumption of large seeds such as M. flexuosa and A. butyracea, that are considered of economic relevance for human local communities. Incorporating citizen science monitoring allowed us identify plant species that are taxonomically difficult and to evaluate new information related to the natural history of cryptic species such as tapirs. This information is crucial to begin the construction of conservation strategies for the lowland tapir in the Orinoquia region of Colombia. Resumen: La danta de tierras bajas (Tapirus terrestris) es el segundo mamífero más grande de Sur América y habita una alta variedad de ecosistemas en donde cumple papeles funcionales claves. Es principalmente folívora, complementando su dieta con frutas, insectos e invertebrados acuáticos. Debido a esto, la especie es considerada importante en el moldeamiento del sotobosque y en la dispersión de semillas. A pesar de su importancia ecológica, aún se desconocen aspectos ecológicos relacionados con dieta, uso de hábitat, y preferencias alimentarias en gran parte de su rango geográfico. Actualmente estos aspectos son aún desconocidos en la Orinoquia colombiana. El trabajo buscó realizar una aproximación a la dieta de la danta en la Orinoquia colombiana basada en el procesamiento de muestras fecales y recopilación del conocimiento tradicional a través del monitoreo comunitario participativo. Fueron recolectadas muestras fecales entre octubre de 2015 y julio de 2018, se implementaron monitoreos de vegetación y entrevistas a las comunidades locales. Fueron registradas 37 especies de plantas en la dieta de la danta, donde 23 especies fueron determinadas por medio de conocimiento tradicional. Las especies más representativas en las muestras fecales fueron Rudgea crassiloba, Attalea butyracea, Inga alba y Cecropia peltata. Las plantas mayormente reconocidas por la comunidad local fueron Mauritia flexuosa, A. butyracea, Bellucia grossularioides e I. alba. Se evidenció la importancia de las dantas en el consumo de semillas grandes y de relevancia económica para las comunidades locales. Adicionalmente, la incorporación del conocimiento tradicional permitió el registro de especies de difícil determinación taxonómica y que son difíciles de identificar en las muestras fecales. Esta información es crucial para construir estrategias de conservación para la danta en la Orinoquia colombiana.

Abstract: This study presents cross-country evidence indicating that the relationship between the size of the informal sector and tax rates is ambiguous. Motivated by this finding, a standard two-sector model is augmented with endogenous law enforcement, which depends on the size of the informal sector and government expenditure. Additionally, based on microdata from Colombia, taxes and law enforcement are necessary to match the observed size of the informal sector. Meanwhile, the dependence of law orcement on government expenditure creates a non-linearity in the form of a Laffer curve. Therefore, lowering tax rates would not necessarily reduce the size of the informal sector.

Abstract: Essential Tremor (ET) is the most frequent movement disorder in adults. Upper-limb exoskeletons are a promising solution to alleviate ET symptoms. We propose a novel wrist exoskeleton for tremor damping. The TuMove exoskeleton is light-weight, portable, easy to use, and designed for ADLs and activities requiring hand dexterity. We validated the effectiveness of our exoskeleton by inducing forearm tremors using TENS on 5 healthy subjects. Our results show that wrist ranges are generally kept in most of the ROM needed in ADLs. The damping system reduced more than 30% of the tremor's angular velocity during drinking and pouring tasks. Furthermore, the completion time of the Archimedes spiral was decreased by 2.76 seconds (13.0%) and for the 9-Hole-Peg-Test by 2.77 seconds (11.8 %), indicating a performance improvement in dexterity tasks.

Abstract: The Colombian film industry is growing and gaining relevance in the interna-tional market, which demands products that comply with the highest quality standards. Consequently, a study was designed to analyze the current English sub-title quality of five Colombian films that participated in different international film festivals from 2012 to 2018 and won at least one award: La sirga by William Vega (2012), La playa D.C. by Juan Andrés Arango (2013), Tierra en la lengua by Rubén Mendoza (2014), La tierra y la sombra by César Augusto Acevedo (2015), and Niña errante by Rubén Mendoza (2018). The subtitles were examined us-ing Pedersen’s (2017) far model to have a general overview of their quality. The results evidenced a weakness in the functional equivalence category by presenting mistranslations in many of the cultural references and idiomatic expressions, potentially affecting the audience’s reception and, therefore, jeopardizing the international success of the films. Additionally, the readability category included many segmentation and spotting errors. In general, the subtitles comply with the subtitling guidelines regarding reading speed and line length but need to improve the transmission of idiomatic expressions and the segmentation of the subtitles. Resumen: La industria cinematográfica colombiana está creciendo y ganando relevancia en el mercado internacional, pero esto exige productos que cumplan con los más altos estándares de calidad. En consecuencia, se diseñó un estudio para analizar la calidad actual de los subtítulos en inglés de cinco películas colombianas que participaron en diferentes festivales internacionales de cine entre 2012 y 2018 y obtuvieron al menos un premio: La sirga, de William Vega (2012); La playa D.C., de Juan Andrés Arango (2013); Tierra en la lengua, de Rubén Mendoza (2014); La tierra y la sombra, de César Augusto Acevedo (2015), y Niña errante, de Rubén Mendoza (2018). Los subtítulos fueron examinados mediante el modelo far de Pedersen (2017) para tener una visión general de su calidad. Los resultados evidenciaron una debilidad en la categoría de equivalencia funcional al presentar errores de traducción en muchas de las referencias culturales y expresiones idiomáticas, afectando potencialmente a la recepción del público y, por tanto, poniendo en peligro el éxito internacional de las películas. Además, la categoría de legibilidad incluyó muchos errores de segmentación y localización. En general, los subtítulos cumplen las directrices de subtitulación en cuanto a velocidad de lectura y longitud de línea, pero necesitan mejorar la transmisión de expresiones idiomáticas y la segmentación de los subtítulos.

Abstract: Aim: To evaluate the reliability of the ExSel® self-questionnaire to detect an excess salt intake (≥12 g/24h) in patients consulting for hypertension and/or renal failure. Methods: Results of the ExSel® self-questionnaire were compared to 24 h sodium excretion using the Cohen’s kappa test and a Chi² test. Sensitivity, specificity, VPP and VPN were calculated. A ROC curve was realized to find an accurate cut-off.Results: Mean characteristics of the 101 patients with reliable results were: age of 67+12 years, Body Mass Index 28.4+5.6 kg/m², SBP/DBP 139+23/74+13 mmHg (98% were hypertensives. Mean salt intake was 7.5+3.1 g/24h and mean creatininuria was 13.9+20.1 mmol/24 h. An excess salt intake (≥12 g/24h) was observed in 8% of the patients. The Kappa test at 0.17 and the Chi² at 0.66 signify that the agreement was very low. Sensitivity was 37%, specificity 90%, PPV 20% and NPV 94%. The AUC under the ROC curve was too low (0.665) to determine a threshold adapted to the renal patients. Conclusions: The ExSel® auto-questionnaire is not adapted to outpatients, mainly hypertensives (98%) followed in a nephrology consultation to detect an excess salt consumption.

Abstract: Antibiotic resistance is driven by selection, but how a bacterial strain’s evolutionary history shapes drug-resistance remains an open question. Here we reconstruct the genetic and evolutionary mechanisms of carbapenem resistance in a clinical isolate of Klebsiella. A combination of short and long read sequencing, machine learning, genetic and enzymatic analyses established that this carbapenem-resistant strain carries no carbapenemase-encoding genes. Genetic reconstruction of the resistance phenotype confirmed that two distinct genetic loci are necessary for the strain to acquire carbapenem resistance. Experimental evolution of the carbapenem-resistant strains in growth conditions without the antibiotic revealed that both loci confer a significant cost, and are readily lost by de novo mutation resulting in the rapid evolution of a carbapenem-sensitive phenotype. Thus, historical contingency - a patient’s treatment history - can shape the evolution of antibiotic resistance and suggests that the strategic combinations of antibiotics could direct the evolution of low-fitness, drug-resistant genotypes.

Abstract: The cell envelope is essential for the survival and adaptation of bacteria. Bacterial membrane proteins include the major porins that mediate the influx of nutrients and several classes of antimicrobial drugs. Consequently, membrane remodelling is closely linked to antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Knowledge of bacterial membrane protein biogenesis and turnover underpins our understanding of bacterial membrane remodelling and the consequences that this process has in the evolution of AMR phenotypes. At the population level, the evolution of phenotypes is a reversible process, and we can use these insights to deploy evolutionary principles to resensitize bacteria to existing antimicrobial drugs. In our opinion, fundamental knowledge is opening a new way of thinking towards sustainable solutions to the mounting crisis in AMR. Here we discuss what is known about outer-membrane remodelling in bacteria and how the process could be targeted as a means to restore sensitivity to antimicrobial drugs. Bacteriophages are highlighted as a powerful means to exert this control over membrane remodelling but they require careful selection so as to reverse, and not exacerbate AMR phenotypes.

Resumen: Las iniciativas socialmente responsables son generadoras indiscutibles de un mayor nivel de sentido de pertenencia de los empleados como miembros de una organización. Este fenómeno, a su vez impulsa resultados favorables en los niveles individual, grupal, organizacional e incluso institucional. El presente estudio analiza la asociación existente entre responsabilidad social empresarial e identificación organizacional de los empleados, con el objetivo de ilustrar el sentidopráctico de dicho vínculo causal. Para ello, se parte de un proceso preliminar de análisis bibliométrico y tamizaje cualitativo, que selecciona las conclusiones de trabajos empíricos influyentes en la literatura relevante con respecto al tópico en cuestión. Como consecuencia, el estudio converge en un decálogo de implicaciones útiles para gerentes y profesionales de recursos humanos que, en el terreno, determina los alcances de dicha relación en el ambiente organizacional real. De esta manera, se permite el aprovechamiento de las contribuciones teóricas relevantes en el área de estudio particular, y lo pone a disposición de la práctica gerencial. Abstract: Socially responsible initiatives are undisputed generators of a higher level of sense of belonging of employees as members of an organization. This phenomenon, in turn, promotes favorable results at the individual, group, organizational and even institutional level. The present work analyzes the association between corporate social responsibility and organizational identification of employees. It also illustrates the practical sense of such causal association. To achieve this, the work starts from a preliminary process of bibliometric analysis and screening, which selects the conclusions of influential empirical works in the relevant literature regarding the topic at issue. As a consecuence, the work converge in a decalogue of valuable implications for managers and human resources professionals, wichf in the field determines the scope of the abovementioned phenomenon in a regular organizational environment. In this way, the work allows the use of relevant theoretical contributions in the particular area of study and puts it a disposal of the managerial practice.