After analyzing the unsustainable context in which businesses operate today, the positive reactions that Millennials have on responsible business practices, the efforts from corporate social responsibility and marketing departments, and the recent announcements of the global design community in response to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations, this paper presents a framework to help designers working with for-profit companies to magnify the impact of their practice by incorporating the SDGs as design principles that lead to more positive outcomes for people, planet, and profits. Achieving the agenda agreed by world leaders at the United Nations in 2015 sets an ambitious and transformative vision for peace and prosperity on a healthy planet, which will require disruptive innovation to be reached, and will bring enormous business opportunities. According to the Business and Sustainable Development Commission, achieving the SDGs will open $12 trillion in market opportunities from now until 2030 in sectors including food, agriculture, cities, energy, materials, health, and well-being. These market opportunities could be explored by serving emergent users such as the conscious Millennials, a generation that currently numbers 80 million in the United States alone, and will hold a global yearly spending power of $2.5 trillion by 2020. Después de analizar el contexto insostenible en el que operan las empresas en la actualidad, las reacciones positivas que tienen los Millennials sobre las prácticas empresariales responsables, los esfuerzos de los departamentos de responsabilidad social corporativa y marketing, y los recientes anuncios de la comunidad global del diseño en respuesta a los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) de Naciones Unidas, este documento presenta un marco para ayudar a los diseñadores que trabajan con empresas con fines de lucro a magnificar el impacto de su práctica al incorporar los ODS como principios de diseño que conducen a resultados más positivos para las personas, el planeta y para el desarrollo económico. Lograr la agenda acordada por los líderes mundiales en las Naciones Unidas en 2015 establece una visión ambiciosa y transformadora para la paz y la prosperidad en un planeta saludable, que requerirá una innovación disruptiva para alcanzarse y traerá enormes oportunidades comerciales. Según la Comisión de Negocios y Desarrollo Sostenible, lograr los ODS abrirá 12 billones de dólares en oportunidades de mercado desde ahora hasta 2030 en sectores que incluyen alimentos, agricultura, ciudades, energía, materiales, salud y bienestar. Estas oportunidades de mercado podrían explorarse atendiendo a los usuarios emergentes, como los Millennials conscientes, una generación que actualmente cuenta con 80 millones solo en los Estados Unidos, y que tendrá un poder adquisitivo anual global de $2.5 billones para 2020. Distinción: Published in conference proceedings

Resumen: Narradoras adolescentes en la literatura colombiana explora representaciones de la adolescencia por medio de las voces y perspectivas de niñas en algunos cuentos y novelas escritos por escritoras colombianas. El texto indaga sobre la cuestión de cómo estas voces representan las tensiones y contradicciones entre las cómodas creencias de los adultos y la perspectiva inquisitiva de las adolescentes. También observa los diversos grados de conocimiento sobre las adolescentes mismas y los distintos medios y posibilidades con los que cuentan para adquirir dicho conocimiento. Estas búsquedas varían en gran medida de acuerdo con los antecedentes familiares, las diferencias culturales y regionales y el momento histórico en el cual viven. Las autoras consideradas son Simanca Pushaina, Vicenta Siosi Pino, Silvia Galvis Ramírez y Margarita García Robayo. Abstract: Female Adolescent Narrators in Colombian Literature explores representations of adolescents through the voices and perspectives of girls in some novels and short stories written by Colombian female writers. It delves into the question of how these voices represent the tensions and contradictions between the comfortable beliefs of the adults and the enquiring perspective of the adolescent girls. It also looks at the characters’ different levels of knowledge about themselves and the different means and possibilities they have in order to acquire this knowledge. These searches vary greatly according to the protagonists’ families, their cultural and regional differences and the historical moment they are living in. The authors considered are Simanca Pushaina, Vicenta Siosi Pino, Silvia Galvis Ramirez and Margarita Garcia Robayo.

Understanding factors that hinder vaccination, including logistical and social constraints, is critical to finding the most effective approach for the global eradication of peste des petits ruminants (PPR). Vaccination projects should analyze the supply chain and take it into consideration when planning and creating a vaccination strategy. Adequate supply chain management of the PPR vaccine could lead to reduced cost, increased availability, and the construction of a data platform for other livestock vaccines. Integrating the supply chain of PPR vaccine with other veterinary or health commodities could reduce cost, as well as increase uptake. The use of a thermostable vaccine could potentially have a positive impact on the eradication of PPR in remote areas, such as the Karamoja subregion in Uganda, as it did with rinderpest across Sub Saharan Africa. In terms of vaccine delivery, the use of community animal health workers (CAHWs) could be beneficial in certain areas, such as the Karamoja subregion of Uganda, by alleviating supply chain constraints in the last-mile delivery, as well as increasing coverage and uptake. A gendered approach to livestock vaccines should also be considered, as decision-making power regarding livestock vaccination is gendered in many various contexts. The PPR eradication strategy—as well as other livestock vaccination programs—would be more effective and efficient if the supply chain management were considered as a key component in the process and efforts tailored, accordingly. Comprender los factores que obstaculizan la vacunación, incluidas las limitaciones logísticas y sociales, es fundamental para encontrar el enfoque más eficaz para la erradicación mundial de la peste de los pequeños rumiantes (PPR). Los proyectos de vacunación deben analizar la cadena de suministro y tenerla en cuenta al planificar y crear una estrategia de vacunación. La gestión adecuada de la cadena de suministro de la vacuna contra la PPR podría conducir a una reducción de los costos, una mayor disponibilidad y la construcción de una plataforma de datos para otras vacunas para ganado. La integración de la cadena de suministro de la vacuna contra la PPR con otros productos veterinarios o de salud podría reducir los costos y aumentar la aceptación. El uso de una vacuna termoestable podría tener un impacto positivo en la erradicación de la PPR en áreas remotas, como la subregión de Karamoja en Uganda, como ocurrió con la peste bovina en el África subsahariana. En términos de entrega de vacunas, el uso de trabajadores comunitarios de salud animal (CAHW) podría ser beneficioso en ciertas áreas, como la subregión de Karamoja en Uganda, al aliviar las limitaciones de la cadena de suministro en la entrega de última milla, así como aumentar la cobertura y la aceptación. También se debe considerar un enfoque de género para las vacunas del ganado, ya que el poder de toma de decisiones con respecto a la vacunación del ganado tiene un género en muchos contextos diferentes. La estrategia de erradicación de la PPR, así como otros programas de vacunación del ganado, sería más eficaz y eficiente si la gestión de la cadena de suministro se considerara un componente clave del proceso y los esfuerzos se adaptarán en consecuencia.

This work aims to consider the existing relationship between the discourses of national history generally recognized as a trade attributed to the field of historiography in which historical discourses are found; and literature as another possible view of Colombian history; however, several writers have taken up these historical discourses to recreate and transform them into new interpretative proposals, framed by literary contexts. To achieve this, the fictional discourse has used both the historical discourse and the author’s imagination to contextualize, criticize, interpret, clarify and even parody moments, times or periods alluding to a specific event. In this approaches, it is evident that it is through literary discourse that other search options and possible loos are presented to find answers about some events, interpret documents of various genres, describe past events and/or recreate existing stories, to imagine what fictional literary. Este trabajo se propone considerar la relación existente que existe entre los discursos de la historia nacional generalmente reconocidos como un oficio atribuido al campo de la historiografía en el que se encuentran los discursos históricos; y la literatura como otra posible mirada de la historia colombiana; sin embargo, varios escritores han retomado estos discursos históricos para recrearlos y transformarlos en nuevas propuestas interpretativas, enmarcadas por los contextos literarios. Para lograrlo, el discurso novelesco se ha valido, tanto del discurso histórico como de la imaginación del autor para contextualizar, criticar, interpretar, esclarecer e incluso parodiar momentos, épocas o periodos alusivos a un evento específico. En estos planteamientos se evidencia que es a través del discurso literario en el que se presentan otras opciones de búsqueda y miradas posibles para hallar respuestas sobre algunos acontecimientos, interpretar documentos de diversos géneros, describir hechos pasados y/o recrear historias existentes, para imaginar lo literario novelesco.

The purpose of this paper is to identify and analyze how prison systems in Argentina, Chile, Colombia, and Mexico respond to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). It explores the challenges these institutions face, the actions taken, the beneficiaries from such measures, and their immediate effect. We argue that governments and prison authorities struggle to put in place comprehensive measures to prevent and control the spread of COVID-19 within these institutions and that more concrete and swift actions are needed to address the magnitude and the consequences of the pandemic. This paper uses both primary and secondary data to describe the current prison situation and analyze institutional responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in these countries.

This article re-conceptualises genocide on indigenous peoples by disentangling its cultural dimensions. Extractive and similar operations gradually deteriorate lands and environment, exerting severe impacts on territorial rights, eventually on their physical and cultural annihilation. The article approaches the crime of genocide in both its physical and cultural dimensions, demanding its integration into IHRL and criminal law. Recent ethnographic research in Bolivia and Colombia demonstrates how indigenous peoples are gradually exposed to genocidal policies despite strong legal frameworks. Such rights materialise in the form of prior consultation, land rights, prohibition of forced relocation and maintaining of organisational and decisionmaking procedures.

This article displays the idea of indigenizing international law by recognizing indigenous law as law. It is by directing indigenous jurisprudences to the framework of international law that the possibility of transforming its roots becomes possible—I call this process inverse legal anthropology. In indigenizing international law using an inverse legal anthropology, the article presents a case study on the ongoing genocide of Colombian indigenous peoples in the age of the global ecology of the Anthropocene. In this context, I explain the political consequences of valuing indigenous cosmologies regarding their territories. Indeed, mainstream representations of indigenous territories, taking into consideration the topographic and biologic dimensions of the earth’s surface, have forgotten the pluriverse of organic and inorganic beings that make and negotiate their social living together with indigenous peoples’ ecological and spiritual relations.

This article analyses the complexities of the double bind between colonial domination and Indigenous resistance in conversation with anarchist sociologist Silvia Rivera Cusicanqui. The functioning of the double bind appears in the article at three levels: first, by exploring the encounter between Western and Indigenous jurisdictions in the context of colonial meetings and across imperial networks; second, by analyzing the way in which Rivera develops an epistemological program based on daily life practices; and, third, by showing one example in which Rivera develops a double bind epistemological framework in order to read the colonial encounter between Western and Indigenous jurisdictions in the Americas in the sixteenth century. The interaction with Rivera allowed me to better understand the complexities of an Andean world that operates through the double bind of being Indigenous and non-Indigenous at the same time; while on the other, it enabled me to test out the academic tradition that depicts history, in particular the history of the international legal order, in a linear and progressive trajectory. With this approximation at hand, I analyze the relationship between past, present, and future within the social life of Andean Indigenous communities.

If justice in Colombia has stepped toward transitional justice, a framework mainly focused on providing redress to the victims of war, why have animals been excluded from it? As a response to animal cruelty, in war and outside of it, a punitive response remains. In a transitional justice regime, moving away from strictly anthropocentric solutions could bring reconciliation that transcends the criminal/innocent, city/jungle, and human/nature artificial dichotomies. Si la justicia en Colombia ha dado un paso hacia la justicia transicional, un marco enfocado principalmente en brindar reparación a las víctimas de la guerra, ¿por qué se ha excluido a los animales? La respuesta estatal a la crueldad animal, en la guerra y fuera de ella, sigue siendo punitiva. En un régimen de justicia transicional, alejarse de soluciones estrictamente antropocéntricas podría traer una reconciliación que trascienda las dicotomías artificiales entre criminal/inocente, ciudad/jungla y humano/naturaleza. Distinción Harvard Law School Writing Prize, 2020.

Colombia is an upper middle-income country with an estimated population of 49.2 million people, and road traffic collisions (RTCs) are the second most common cause of traumatic death. The government established the National Road Safety Plan (PNSV) for the period 2011-2021, to reduce RTC-related deaths by 26%. Study aim was to evaluate whether Road Safety Laws have had a long-term effect on road safety in the country. Data on RTC from January 1, 2001 through December 31, 2017 were collated from official Colombian governmental publications. Three periods were considered for analysis: 2001-2010 evaluating the Transit Code; 2011-2017 evaluating the PNSV; and 2001-2017 evaluating the full study period. A total of 102,723 deaths (12.7%) and 707,778 injuries (87.3%) were reported from 2001 through 2017. Transit Code period showed a 10.1% decline in deaths, 16.6% decline in injuries, and rates per 100,000 inhabitants and per 10,000 registered vehicles also declined. During the PNSV period, there was an increase in deaths by 16.6%, injuries decreased by 1.7%, and death rates per 100,000 inhabitants also increased. During the total study period, a 12.4% reduction in the total number of casualties was achieved, and death and injury rates per 100,000 inhabitants decreased by 12.4% and 27.5%, respectively. Overall, the absolute number of RTCs and deaths has increased. RTCs rates per 10,000 registered vehicles has decreased. Although the goals of the PNSV may not be realized, some laws may be having a beneficial effect. Further study is required to determine the longer-term impact of these initiatives.