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Imagen de apoyo de A Case on a Case: Embedding Sustainable Entrepreneurship Into a Managerial-Skills Course

Por: Orlando Enrique; Rodríguez Contreras Pacheco | Fecha: 2015

This paper documents the experience of bringing a real-business challenge into the classroom using a case that demonstrates an issue in a local utility company: the Bucaramanga Metropolitan Aqueduct. The local case study shows the dilemma the manager of a public utilities company must confront, faced with the poor impact of the bottled water business unit on income results. On the one hand, the Board of Directors is totally oriented toward financial results and perceives interesting business potential with the massive development of this product in the region. On the other hand, the natural discussion about taking advantage of that potential and what the company should do in terms of strategy tends to omit its true purpose and the strong policy of social responsibility, which should go against a business that is continually being challenged in terms of the destruction of social and environmental value that it generates (bottled water). Then, this challenge appeals to the innovative sense of the students in the Managerial Skills course of the Industrial Engineering program at the Industrial University of Santander by using active innovation methodologies such as teaching through case studies and design thinking in order to formulate different alternative business models for bottled water so that, along the lines of the actual purpose of the organization, they are able to generate, simultaneously, financial results as well as good environmental and social outcomes. The contribution of this case study centers on the validity of the results generated in terms of acceptance, motivation, and learning by making combined use of concepts such as sustainability, entrepreneurship, and education in innovation. The fact that it is a known, everyday company increased the levels of participation at the time of the respective feedback, and presumably, the students' ability to understand the concepts related to the shared value creation in new ventures creation today.

Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Artículos

Temas:
Otros

Imagen de apoyo de Fine pitch copper pillar interconnection with C4 (mass reflow) processing

Por: Fernando Roa Vargas | Fecha: 2014

Flip chip interconnection design and process capability has been extended with the use of copper pillar, specially for finer pitches, beyond what was possible with area array and standard C4 reflow and solder bumps. Many trends in device packaging are fueling this trend, specially the needs for thin packaging, increased function integration, challenging thermal, mechanical and physical specifications. In terms of processing, devices using Cu Pillar are most commonly assembled using thermo-compression bonding due to sizable challenges in extending the conventional mass reflow solution, typical for solder bumps. TC is specially recommended for handling very thin die in sparse or peripheral bump layouts, which are a predominant share of all devices converting to Cu pillar, where a bonding head is used to both hold the die flat and in true alignment with the substrate while supplying the thermal energy necessary to complete the interconnection. This process most often also requires the use of a non-conductive paste/film for stress absorption in recognition to the fact that underfill materials have great limitations in filling the underdie cavity. In this paper, we explore avenues to extend the current processing envelope for Cu pillar bumped devices using C4 reflow. Benefits of this approach are shown as decreased cost of ownership for materials, lower fixed costs due to using mostly depreciated equipment. Yet, challenges in defining new design rules, reformulating materials and extending process flows are among some of the barriers for further adoption of this solution in production.

Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Artículos

Temas:
Otros
Ingeniería

Imagen de apoyo de Disquisiciones sobre antigua ortografía y pronunciación castellanas

Por: Rufino José Cuervo Urisarri | Fecha: 1937

El documento comprende dos artículos del Boletín de la Academia Colombiana que tienen como tema central el estudio de la ortografía antigua y normas correspondientes al español, ejemplos y forma de pronunciación.

Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Artículos

Temas:
Literatura colombiana
Otros

Imagen de apoyo de Territorialidades, sujetos globales y ética del turismo = Territorialities, global subjects and ethics of tourism

Por: Carlos Martín Carbonell Higuera | Fecha: 2016

El ensayo tiene como objetivo analizar el rol del sujeto globalizado y globalizante del siglo XXI en su relación con la actividad turística, su responsabilidad en la construcción de mediaciones con la alteridad, el reconocimiento de la diferencia y la importancia del diálogo intercultural, con el fin de valorar el papel que está llamado a desempeñar el turismo en el marco político de la reestructuración del ordenamiento mundial. En ese contexto, se busca llevar a cabo una reflexión en torno a las relaciones entre las dinámicas territoriales, socioculturales e individuales gestadas en los escenarios locales desde la perspectiva holística, pluritópica y transaccional inherente a la ética del desarrollo humano, y orientada hacia la formulación de estrategias de planeación, gestión y coexistencia consideradas en la escala amplia y compleja del ecosistema-mundo y las movilidades intensas y variables propias de los procesos de la globalización. A partir de esta disertación se espera ilustrar la contribución del turismo a: 1) la creación de una “sociedad mundial” gracias a su protagonismo en la formación de una mirada cosmopolita, consciente de la diferencia y la desigualdad, sensible a las transformaciones de su entorno y comprometido con su sostenibilidad; 2) la adquisición de buenas prácticas y normas técnicas que reduzcan los impactos de las actividades económicas sobre los ecosistemas y proporcionen beneficios para las comunidades y territorios de destino; y 3) la formación de un conocimiento nuevo, fundado en una aproximación directa a la experiencia del mundo.

Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Artículos

Temas:
Turismo
Otros

Imagen de apoyo de Give War A Chance: All-Out War as a Means of Ending Conflict in the Cases of Sri Lanka and Colombia = ‘Dale una oportunidad a la guerra’: EL escalonamiento militar como un medio para terminar los conflictor armados. Los casos de Sri Lanka y Colombia

Por: Fabio Andrés; Mansoob Murshed Díaz Pabón | Fecha: 2013

Abstract: This article investigates the military approach as a means of solving protracted civil conflicts, in particular focusing on the cases of Sri Lanka and Colombia in comparison. The approach adopted is to study the emergence of these military options within the context of each country's history and to assess whether the call for war was merely a consequence of the international ‘war on terror’, or driven by internal elements. The article explores the epistemological groundings and pitfalls of the all-out war theory informing this approach, before reassessing the significance and validity of the theory in relation to Sri Lanka and Colombia. Resumen:El artículo indaga sobre la utilidad del uso de mecanismos militares para resolver conflictos internos, para ello el documento analiza y compara los casos de Sri Lanka y Colombia. La metodología usada analiza la emergencia de estas alternativas militares para los conflictos armados dentro del contexto de la historia de cada uno de estos países, y reflexiona acerca de la posibilidad que la solución militare a estos conflictos sea el resultado de la ‘guerra contra el terror’, o es dirigida por dinámicas internas. El articulo explora los cimientos teóricos de la teoría de escalonamiento militare que informa las acciones que han tomado lugar en Colombia y en Sri Lanka frente a los cuales re-analiza y valida su utilidad.

Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Artículos

Temas:
Otros

Imagen de apoyo de Absorbent food pads containing bacteriophages for potential antimicrobial use in refrigerated food products

Por: Maryoris Elisa; Meireles Gouvêa Soto López | Fecha: 2016

The incessant search by the consumer for products that are ready for consumption and for new technologies aimed at ensuring the safety and quality of food has intensified with the adoption of measures that can reduce these risks. This work shows that an absorbent food pad used in chilled meat trays; containing a mix of six bacteriophages; BFSE16; BFSE18; PaDTA1; PaDTA9; PaDTA10 and PaDTA11 isolated and characterized by the work group; used as biocontrol; has application in the food preservation area. It is an excellent method of extending the shelf life of refrigerated processed foods ready for consumption. The system was evaluated for the ability; in vitro; to reduce the initial count of Salmonella Typhimurium present in the environment. Three different phage concentrations were incorporated in pads that have the ability to reduce 4.36; 3.66 and 0.87 log cycles at 15 °C; respectively; and an average 0.55 log cycles at 10 °C at the concentrations used. The higher the concentration of this bacteriophage; the better its effect on the host; having a greater capacity for infection. The viable phage remained on the pad during the treatment time of 48 h.

Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Artículos

Temas:
Otros

Imagen de apoyo de Poverty in consumer culture: towards a transformative social representation = La pobreza en la cultura del consumo: Hacia una representación social transformativa

Por: Andrés Alberto; Banister Barrios Fajardo | Fecha: 2014

Abstract: In this article, we consider the representations of poverty within consumer culture. We focus on four main themes – social exclusion, vulnerability, pleasure and contentment – that capture some of the associations that contemporary understandings have made with poverty. For each theme, we consider the portrayals of poverty from the perspective of key agents (such as marketers, media, politicians) and then relate this to more emic representations of poverty by drawing on a range of contemporary poverty alleviating projects from around the world. We conclude with a set of guidelines for relevant stakeholders to bear in mind when elaborating their representations of poverty. These guidelines may act as a platform to transform marginalizing representations of poverty into more empowering representations. Resumen: Este artículo analiza la representación de la pobreza en la cultural del consumo. Cuatro temas que capturan el entendimiento contemporáneo sobre la pobreza son abordados: Exclusión social, vulnerabilidad, placer, y aceptación. Para cada tema consideramos como diferentes agentes: Mercadeo, medios, y políticos, muestran la pobreza, y se relaciona estos a diferentes proyectos para aliviar esta situación alrededor del mundo. Las conclusiones se enfocan en brindar una serie de prácticas a tener en cuenta para transformar la representación social de la pobreza.

Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Artículos

Temas:
Otros

Imagen de apoyo de Pulsed hybrid reactive magnetron sputtering for high zT Cu2Se thermoelectric films

Por: Jaime Andrés; Vera Londoño Pérez Taborda | Fecha: 2017

Thermoelectric films on flexible substrates are of interest for the integration of thermoelectric in wearable devices. In this work, copper selenide films are achieved by a novel low-temperature technique, namely pulsed hybrid reactive magnetron sputtering (PHRMS). A brief introduction to the basic chemistry and physics involved during growth is included to explain its fundamentals. PHRMS is a single-step, room temperature (RT), fabrication process carried out in another ways conventional vacuum sputtering system. It does not require high-temperature post-annealing to obtain films with great thermoelectric performance. It is, therefore, compatible with polymeric substrates like Kapton tape. Several sets of films covering a large exploratory compositional range (from Cu/Se = 1 to 9) are deposited and their microstructure and thermoelectric properties are analyzed at RT. Power factors as high as 1.1 mW m?1 K?2 in the in-plane direction and thermal conductivities as low as ? = 0.8 ± 0.1 W m?1 K?1 in the out-of-plane direction have been obtained for ?-Cu2Se films. Consequently, a figure of merit of 0.4 at RT can be estimated under the assumption that for this polycrystalline cubic phase no additional anisotropy in the thermoelectric properties is introduced by the planar configuration. Moreover, PHRMS is also industrially scalable and compatible with the in-line fabrication of other selenides.

Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Artículos

Temas:
Otros

Imagen de apoyo de Effects of temperature and time constraints on the seasonal variation in nest morphology of the Thorn-tailed Rayadito (Aphrastura spinicauda)

Por: Esteban; Orellana Botero Delgadillo | Fecha: 2017

Environmental adjustment is the most invoked explanation for intra-seasonal variation in bird nest morphology. However, time constraints may also be important, coming as a trade-off between the costs of nest building and the requirement to coincide a breeding attempt with maximal food supply. We describe the seasonal variation in nest morphology of the Thorn-tailed Rayadito (Aphrastura spinicauda) in a sub-Antarctic population in southern Chile, and investigate its relation with the seasonal fluctuation of ambient temperature (an ‘environmental adjustment’ hypothesis) and time constraints (an ‘optimal time frame’ hypothesis). As the breeding season progressed, rayaditos spent fewer days building their nests, built smaller nests, and used less animal-derived insulating material. After statistically removing the effects of daily temperatures on nest building periods and nest morphological measurements, we observed no seasonal trend in the amount of insulating material used, supporting an ‘environmental adjustment’ explanation. However, the nest building periods, nest depth, and nest dry weight still showed a seasonal trend, favouring an ‘optimal time frame’ hypothesis. Our study shows that both temperature fluctuations and time constraints can affect different components of the nesting ecology of birds, and that nest morphology is the consequence of distinct non-mutually exclusive forces.

Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Artículos

Temas:
Otros

Imagen de apoyo de What Can Johnny Do? - Factors in an End-User Expertise Instrument

Por: Pablo Andrés; Rajivan Moriano Salazar | Fecha: 2016

Security and computer expertise of end users can be significant predictors of user behaviour and interactions in the security and privacy context. Standardized, externally valid instruments for measuring end-user security expertise are non-existent. To address this need, we developed a questionnaire to identify critical factors that constitute expertise in end-users. It combines skills and knowledge based questions. Using exploratory factor analysis on the results from 898 participants from a range of populations, we identified 12 questions within 4 factors that correspond to computing and security expertise. Ordered logistic regression models were applied to measure efficacy of proposed security and computing factors in predicting user comprehension of security concepts (phishing and certificates). We conclude with a framework for informing future user-centered security expertise research.

Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Artículos

Temas:
Otros