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Por: Jibram León-González | Fecha: 2016

The Indo-african beetle Digitonthophagus gazella was introduced into the Americas as a bio-controller of parasites and flies in livestock systems. This dung scarab is characterized for its high dispersal ability, reproduction and efficient use of cattle manure. In Colombia, the most recent survey situated this beetle only in lowland areas. In the present study D. gazella was found in two new Colombian departments (Meta and Valle del Cauca) and its presence was confirmed in Antioquia. In this study, few individuals were collected and they were associated with vegetation systems with poor cover, such as livestock pastures and sugar cane monoculture, suggesting early stages of colonization and corroborating the preference of the species for open areas. Besides with the range extension with new records, this work also provides insights on D. gazella apparent colonization above 500 m of altitude. The distribution of this species across the Magdalena River valley appears to be associated with inter-department bovine transport. The importance of a continuous monitoring of the dispersion of D. gazella in Colombia, to establish its dispersal rate, habitat preference and pest status is also highlighted.

Fuente: Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt Formatos de contenido: Artículos

Temas:
Otros

Por: Joel Tupac Otero Ospina | Fecha: 2017

One of the potential distribution areas for tropical dry forest in Colombia is Cauca River Valley. Intensive agricultural activity in this zone has been one of the main factors causing its degradation since the middle of the 20th century. This study identifies and locates the natural areas that have persisted from 1984-2014 in the Cauca River Valley, in Valle del Cauca Department, using cartographic information and satellite images (Landsat TM5 and OLI). The results indicate that in spite of the 50% reduction in natural areas due to a 72% increase in cultivated areas, 26% of them have persisted since 1984, especially in the dry warm forest of the alluvial plain and in the dry warm forest of the alluvial piedmont, ecosystems of the helobiome biomes of the Valle del Cauca and the tropical alternohydric zonobiome of Valle del Cauca, respectively. The persistent natural areas identified in the time frame represents an opportunity to initiate ecological restoration processes and monitoring of dry forest vegetation and its cover in Valle del Cauca, considering that few remnants still retain structural and functional characteristics of this Biome and the conditions of connectivity between them are deficient.

Fuente: Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt Formatos de contenido: Artículos

Temas:
Otros

Por: María del Carmen Zúñiga | Fecha: 2016

Elmidae is a family of aquatic beetles common in clean water streams and widely used in studies of environmental bioindication. This work was proposed in order to recognize the richness of the Elmidae genera in the department of Valle del Cauca and recopile information about its distribution since biological colection data. A total of 3305 specimens (larvae and adults) were examined, mainly stored in the Museum of Entomology at the University of Valle and associated with field work completed between 1991 and 2014. The samples were collected from 116 locations within 19 municipalities, and are representative of 63 streams, mainly belonging to the Anchicayá, Cauca, Dagua and San Juan rivers basin and the Andean and Pacific natural regions. A total of 16 genera were documented: eleven Elminae (Austrolimnius, Cylloepus, Heterelmis, Huleechius, Macrelmis, Microcylloepus, Neoelmis, Notelmis, Onychelmis, Xenelmis and Stenhelmoides, the last not found in local collection) and five Larainae (Disersus, Hexanchorus, Phanocerus, Pharceonus and Pseudodisersus). These genera were distributed from 110 to 2440 m a.s.l., with greater taxonomic representation between 1000 and 2000 m a.s.l. The two genera most widely distributed were Macrelmis and Heterelmis, while the river with the highest taxonomic representation was Guabas. The distribution area for Austrolimnius, Huleechius, Notelmis and Xenelmis was expanded to the Valle del Cauca region.

Fuente: Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt Formatos de contenido: Artículos

Temas:
Otros

Por: Mario F. Garcés-Restrepo | Fecha: 2016

The presence of the giant African snail Achatina fulica (Bowdich 1822) was confirmed in Colombia in 2008. Due to economic and health implications of this species and the difficulties in controlling it, it is essential to establish the relevance of protocols and alternative inexpensive substances used to control the snail. In this research, the effectiveness of manual removal and manual removal with spray of calcium oxide was analyzed. Both techniques had similar efficiencies, so it is recommended that calcium oxide should be implemented only for the disposal of the collected individuals in order to reduce costs and decrease the impact on arthropofauna. In addition, we evaluated the molluscicide ability of commercial sodium hypochlorite, two plant extracts (Tabebuia rosea and Jatropha curcas), and commercial molluscicide (metaldehyde). We found that the three alternative substances were effective as molluscicides, but with lower effectiveness than the commercial substance. Implementation of the extracts of T. rosea and J. curcas is recommended because they have low cost, and do not present negative effects on the environment.

Fuente: Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt Formatos de contenido: Artículos

Temas:
Otros

Por: | Fecha: 2017

Being consistent with the world latest innovations regarding biodiversity data publishing and scientific papers, the SiB Colombia and Biota Colombiana attended for the worldwide call “Activities to enrich metadata and promote the publication of data paper”. This activity took place in late 2012 and was offered by the Global Biodiversity information Facility Secretariat (GBIF), with the aim of support proposals to promote worldwide the publication of Data Papers, papers about biodiversity data. In this way we are pleased to report that the SiB Colombia and Biota Colombiana were granted by the call in Latin America. Thus, with the support of GBIF and implementation by the SiB, Biota Colombiana now includes a special section of data papers. These types of papers are academic publications that have arisen as a mechanism to encourage the publication of biodiversity data, achieving scholarly and professional recognition for people involved in generating and managing biodiversity information. The data papers should describe as best as possible the Whom, What, Where, When, Why and How to document and record data, without becoming the instrument to make a detailed analysis of the data, as happens in other academic publications. The innovation and improvement of this publishing model relies on the manuscript being always connected to the dataset through a link providing the persistent and reliable web repository of the biodiversity information publishing platform of SiB Colombia. With the incorporation of this model Biota Colombiana is placed at the vanguard in scientific publications, being the first Latin American journal that incorporates this model and one of the top fifteen worldwide, among which are the journals of Pensoft publishing house.

Fuente: Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt Formatos de contenido: Artículos

Por: Héctor E. Ramírez-Chaves | Fecha: 2016

The Zoologische Staatssammlung Muenchen (ZSM), Germany, possesses an historical value because is the depositary of important specimens that were used in the description of different species, especially from South America. Unfortunately, there is not available information about the mammals of Colombia housed at this collection. For this, 33 specimens from Colombia belonging to six orders, 14 genus, and 17 species were reviewed. Cranial and external measurements are given, as well as information of collectors and localities. Of these specimens, 23 were captured in Northern Colombia and imported to Germany to a pet store between 1954 and 1966. Due the difficulties to access to information of mammals from Colombia in European museums and collections, the information summarized here may be useful for people interested in these species.

Fuente: Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt Formatos de contenido: Artículos

Temas:
Otros

Por: Giovanni Varona-Balcazar | Fecha: 2016

Based on herbarium records, data bases and field studies in different localities of the Patia River valley in southwestern Colombia, a total of 297 vascular plants were previously known from this region. In this study the number was increased by 727 to a new total of 1024 species, which is a considerable increase in our knowledge of plant species richness in dry areas of southern Colombia. Those species are distributed among 556 genera in 130 families. Considering the number of species the following families stand out: Fabaceae (45 genera/119 species), Poaceae (52/101), Asteraceae (56/79), Malvaceae (23/44), Cyperaceae (7/41), Euphorbiaceae (10/39), Lamiaceae (13/31) and Solanaceae (9/31). The genera with the largest number of species are: Solanum (19 especies), Cyperus (16), Euphorbia (14), Hyptis (13), Senna (13), Sida (13), Piper (12), Peperomia (11) and Desmodium (10). Herbs are the predominant life-forms (53.77% of total species) followed by shrubs (24.58%). In the valley, pastures and crop fields are predominant; in some sectors, there are bushes and forest fragments in different successional stages; in the southern part, there are thorn bushes, with dominance of succulent plants belonging to the family Cactaceae.

Fuente: Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt Formatos de contenido: Artículos

Temas:
Otros

Por: Jaime De La Ossa | Fecha: 2016

The present work evaluates the accidental mortality for collisions over wildlife and vehicles associated to the road that going from Toluviejo town to Ciénaga de la Caimanera in the department of Sucre, Colombia, crossing an important portion of Montes de María, it passes through by antropic savannas until arriving to the area of mangroves in the Caribbean coast. Were registered 431 individuals road killed: mammals 28,1 % (121), birds 28,8 % (124), reptiles 21,8 % (94) and amphibians 21,3 % (92). Specifically the species with more mortality were: Cerdocyon thous (10.9 %), Iguana iguana (10.8hj%), Crotophaga ani (9.5%), Tamandua mexicana (7.7 %) and Didelphis marsupialis (6.1 %). The rate runover was superior in all the cases, both as, in a general and as specified way when comparing it with related works. The analyzed road doesn’t present any signaling protection for the wild fauna, it lacks illumination, and it is built in its entirety in asphalt, with relative good state. The running over rate it is related to factors such as: vehicular flow, wide of the road, behavior of the species, vegetable covering and the vehicular speed, being all of great importance and wide influence in the detected road killed.

Fuente: Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt Formatos de contenido: Artículos

Temas:
Otros

Por: Wilson Ramírez Hernández | Fecha: 2017

Colombia has been is undergoing a process of rapid ecosystem deterioration that has affected, at different scales, the provision of strategic ecosystem services to rural and urban populations. This situation has led to the need for academics, policy makers, and our local communities to consider various integrated strategies of ecosystem conservation such as the reinforcement of novel and existing protected areas, changing land use and certainly, the restoration of ecosystems that provide strategic services. However, the conceptual and methodological framework of ecological restoration in the country today is significantly dispersed at every level, even within the SINA (Sistema Nacional Ambiental). The purpose of this working paper is to introduce the most important concepts related to ecological restoration in order to have a standardized institutional vision that may generate a space for the discussion and application of this issue in the institutional programs, lines of work and emphasis of researchers.

Fuente: Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt Formatos de contenido: Artículos

Temas:
Otros

Por: Germán I. Andrade-Pérez | Fecha: 2017

Rapid population growth, combined with inadequate and sometimes nonexistent territorial planning exert enormous pressure on river ecosystems in the world; contamination of water sources by domestic waste and industry, changes in the flow, uncontrolled fishing or diverting water for farmland irrigation, often compromise the ecological integrity of these ecosystems and their ability to provide ecosystem services (SE) to society. Current efforts to protect rivers have achieved important results in the protection of these ecosystems, however, the need to strengthen the legislative framework under which protection is sought is evident. This article presents a literature review of efforts to protect rivers in the world; seeks to contextualize the reader about different approaches on river ecosystems management, and emphasizes the need to strengthen environmental legislation to achieve lasting commitments and safeguard these ecosystems and the cultural, spiritual and social values associated.

Fuente: Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt Formatos de contenido: Artículos

Temas:
Otros
Economía