Resumen: El teletrabajo puede ser considerado una innovación organizacional, que en la actualidad ha adquirido una gran notoriedad debido al crecimiento exponencial en su ritmo de implementación. Aunque estudios previos se han centrado en diferentes resultados del teletrabajo, su impacto sobre el comportamiento innovador es un tópico de reciente investigación. En este sentido, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar una revisión de literatura sobre el tópico del comportamiento innovador y el entorno del teletrabajo. Asimismo, se plantea la exploración y clasificación de los antecedentes del comportamiento innovador. Sus resultados dan cuenta de la pertinencia del tópico en mención, así como de las claras oportunidades que futuras investigaciones podrían aprovechar para ampliar el conocimiento existente. Abstract: Teleworking can be considered an organizational innovation, which has currently acquired great notoriety due to the exponential growth in its rate of implementation. Although previous studies have focused on different outcomes of telework, its impact on innovative behavior is a topic of recent research. In this sense, this paper aims to present a literature review on the topic of innovative behavior and the teleworking environment. Likewise, the exploration and classification of the antecedents of innovative behavior is proposed. Their results show the relevance of the topic in question, as well as the clear opportunities that future research could take advantage of to expand existing knowledge.

Resumen: La imagen de una institución de educación superior (IES) es considerada como un elemento estratégico para proyectar y dar a conocer los valores, las acciones, y en últimas, la razón de ser de la entidad respectiva. Por ello, algunas instituciones educativas se han inclinado por adentrase en un proceso de transformación de imagen en aras de posicionarse de mejor manera y lograr proyectar a sus stakeholders lo que realmente se desea. El presente trabajo tiene como propósito desarrollar, de manera preliminar, una revision sistemática de literatura sobre el tema de imagen y transformación de imagen institucional, haciendo especial énfasis en IES. Igualmente, se incluyen algunos conceptos relevantes relacionados con el tópico estudiado, así como los puntos de vista de algunos autores especializados en el área de estudio. En ese orden de ideas, el trabajo pretende ser un referente teórico inicial para eventuales evaluaciones de cambio o fortalecimiento de imagen de IES o sus unidades institucionales. Adicionalmente, permite soportar otros mecanismos de valoración para posibilitar la toma de decisiones relacionadas con la medición y el cuidado de la imagen institucional. Abstract: The image of a higher education institution (HEI) is considered as a strategic element to project and publicize the values, actions, and ultimately, the reason for being of the respective entity. For this reason, some educational institutions have been inclined to enter into a process of image transformation in order to position themselves in a better way and manage to project what is really desired to their stakeholders. The purpose of this paper is to develop, in a preliminary way, a systematic review of the literature on the subject of image and transformation of institutional image, with special emphasis on HEIs. Likewise, some relevant concepts related to the topic studied are included, as well as the points of view of some authors specialized in the area of study. In that order of ideas, the work intends to be an initial theoretical reference for eventual evaluations of change or strengthening of the image of HEIs or their institutional units. Additionally, it supports other assessment mechanisms to enable decision-making related to the measurement and care of the institutional image.

Resumen: Las iniciativas socialmente responsables son generadoras indiscutibles de un mayor nivel de sentido de pertenencia de los empleados como miembros de una organización. Este fenómeno, a su vez impulsa resultados favorables en los niveles individual, grupal, organizacional e incluso institucional. El presente estudio analiza la asociación existente entre responsabilidad social empresarial e identificación organizacional de los empleados, con el objetivo de ilustrar el sentidopráctico de dicho vínculo causal. Para ello, se parte de un proceso preliminar de análisis bibliométrico y tamizaje cualitativo, que selecciona las conclusiones de trabajos empíricos influyentes en la literatura relevante con respecto al tópico en cuestión. Como consecuencia, el estudio converge en un decálogo de implicaciones útiles para gerentes y profesionales de recursos humanos que, en el terreno, determina los alcances de dicha relación en el ambiente organizacional real. De esta manera, se permite el aprovechamiento de las contribuciones teóricas relevantes en el área de estudio particular, y lo pone a disposición de la práctica gerencial. Abstract: Socially responsible initiatives are undisputed generators of a higher level of sense of belonging of employees as members of an organization. This phenomenon, in turn, promotes favorable results at the individual, group, organizational and even institutional level. The present work analyzes the association between corporate social responsibility and organizational identification of employees. It also illustrates the practical sense of such causal association. To achieve this, the work starts from a preliminary process of bibliometric analysis and screening, which selects the conclusions of influential empirical works in the relevant literature regarding the topic at issue. As a consecuence, the work converge in a decalogue of valuable implications for managers and human resources professionals, wichf in the field determines the scope of the abovementioned phenomenon in a regular organizational environment. In this way, the work allows the use of relevant theoretical contributions in the particular area of study and puts it a disposal of the managerial practice.

Abstract: The cell envelope is essential for the survival and adaptation of bacteria. Bacterial membrane proteins include the major porins that mediate the influx of nutrients and several classes of antimicrobial drugs. Consequently, membrane remodelling is closely linked to antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Knowledge of bacterial membrane protein biogenesis and turnover underpins our understanding of bacterial membrane remodelling and the consequences that this process has in the evolution of AMR phenotypes. At the population level, the evolution of phenotypes is a reversible process, and we can use these insights to deploy evolutionary principles to resensitize bacteria to existing antimicrobial drugs. In our opinion, fundamental knowledge is opening a new way of thinking towards sustainable solutions to the mounting crisis in AMR. Here we discuss what is known about outer-membrane remodelling in bacteria and how the process could be targeted as a means to restore sensitivity to antimicrobial drugs. Bacteriophages are highlighted as a powerful means to exert this control over membrane remodelling but they require careful selection so as to reverse, and not exacerbate AMR phenotypes.

Abstract: Antibiotic resistance is driven by selection, but how a bacterial strain’s evolutionary history shapes drug-resistance remains an open question. Here we reconstruct the genetic and evolutionary mechanisms of carbapenem resistance in a clinical isolate of Klebsiella. A combination of short and long read sequencing, machine learning, genetic and enzymatic analyses established that this carbapenem-resistant strain carries no carbapenemase-encoding genes. Genetic reconstruction of the resistance phenotype confirmed that two distinct genetic loci are necessary for the strain to acquire carbapenem resistance. Experimental evolution of the carbapenem-resistant strains in growth conditions without the antibiotic revealed that both loci confer a significant cost, and are readily lost by de novo mutation resulting in the rapid evolution of a carbapenem-sensitive phenotype. Thus, historical contingency - a patient’s treatment history - can shape the evolution of antibiotic resistance and suggests that the strategic combinations of antibiotics could direct the evolution of low-fitness, drug-resistant genotypes.

Abstract: Aim: To evaluate the reliability of the ExSel® self-questionnaire to detect an excess salt intake (≥12 g/24h) in patients consulting for hypertension and/or renal failure. Methods: Results of the ExSel® self-questionnaire were compared to 24 h sodium excretion using the Cohen’s kappa test and a Chi² test. Sensitivity, specificity, VPP and VPN were calculated. A ROC curve was realized to find an accurate cut-off.Results: Mean characteristics of the 101 patients with reliable results were: age of 67+12 years, Body Mass Index 28.4+5.6 kg/m², SBP/DBP 139+23/74+13 mmHg (98% were hypertensives. Mean salt intake was 7.5+3.1 g/24h and mean creatininuria was 13.9+20.1 mmol/24 h. An excess salt intake (≥12 g/24h) was observed in 8% of the patients. The Kappa test at 0.17 and the Chi² at 0.66 signify that the agreement was very low. Sensitivity was 37%, specificity 90%, PPV 20% and NPV 94%. The AUC under the ROC curve was too low (0.665) to determine a threshold adapted to the renal patients. Conclusions: The ExSel® auto-questionnaire is not adapted to outpatients, mainly hypertensives (98%) followed in a nephrology consultation to detect an excess salt consumption.

Abstract: The Colombian film industry is growing and gaining relevance in the interna-tional market, which demands products that comply with the highest quality standards. Consequently, a study was designed to analyze the current English sub-title quality of five Colombian films that participated in different international film festivals from 2012 to 2018 and won at least one award: La sirga by William Vega (2012), La playa D.C. by Juan Andrés Arango (2013), Tierra en la lengua by Rubén Mendoza (2014), La tierra y la sombra by César Augusto Acevedo (2015), and Niña errante by Rubén Mendoza (2018). The subtitles were examined us-ing Pedersen’s (2017) far model to have a general overview of their quality. The results evidenced a weakness in the functional equivalence category by presenting mistranslations in many of the cultural references and idiomatic expressions, potentially affecting the audience’s reception and, therefore, jeopardizing the international success of the films. Additionally, the readability category included many segmentation and spotting errors. In general, the subtitles comply with the subtitling guidelines regarding reading speed and line length but need to improve the transmission of idiomatic expressions and the segmentation of the subtitles. Resumen: La industria cinematográfica colombiana está creciendo y ganando relevancia en el mercado internacional, pero esto exige productos que cumplan con los más altos estándares de calidad. En consecuencia, se diseñó un estudio para analizar la calidad actual de los subtítulos en inglés de cinco películas colombianas que participaron en diferentes festivales internacionales de cine entre 2012 y 2018 y obtuvieron al menos un premio: La sirga, de William Vega (2012); La playa D.C., de Juan Andrés Arango (2013); Tierra en la lengua, de Rubén Mendoza (2014); La tierra y la sombra, de César Augusto Acevedo (2015), y Niña errante, de Rubén Mendoza (2018). Los subtítulos fueron examinados mediante el modelo far de Pedersen (2017) para tener una visión general de su calidad. Los resultados evidenciaron una debilidad en la categoría de equivalencia funcional al presentar errores de traducción en muchas de las referencias culturales y expresiones idiomáticas, afectando potencialmente a la recepción del público y, por tanto, poniendo en peligro el éxito internacional de las películas. Además, la categoría de legibilidad incluyó muchos errores de segmentación y localización. En general, los subtítulos cumplen las directrices de subtitulación en cuanto a velocidad de lectura y longitud de línea, pero necesitan mejorar la transmisión de expresiones idiomáticas y la segmentación de los subtítulos.

Abstract: Essential Tremor (ET) is the most frequent movement disorder in adults. Upper-limb exoskeletons are a promising solution to alleviate ET symptoms. We propose a novel wrist exoskeleton for tremor damping. The TuMove exoskeleton is light-weight, portable, easy to use, and designed for ADLs and activities requiring hand dexterity. We validated the effectiveness of our exoskeleton by inducing forearm tremors using TENS on 5 healthy subjects. Our results show that wrist ranges are generally kept in most of the ROM needed in ADLs. The damping system reduced more than 30% of the tremor's angular velocity during drinking and pouring tasks. Furthermore, the completion time of the Archimedes spiral was decreased by 2.76 seconds (13.0%) and for the 9-Hole-Peg-Test by 2.77 seconds (11.8 %), indicating a performance improvement in dexterity tasks.

Abstract: This study presents cross-country evidence indicating that the relationship between the size of the informal sector and tax rates is ambiguous. Motivated by this finding, a standard two-sector model is augmented with endogenous law enforcement, which depends on the size of the informal sector and government expenditure. Additionally, based on microdata from Colombia, taxes and law enforcement are necessary to match the observed size of the informal sector. Meanwhile, the dependence of law orcement on government expenditure creates a non-linearity in the form of a Laffer curve. Therefore, lowering tax rates would not necessarily reduce the size of the informal sector.

Abstract: The lowland tapir (Tapirus terrestris) is the second largest mammal in South America and occupies a wide variety of ecosystems where fulfills key functional roles. Is mainly folivorous, supplementing its diet with fruits, insects, and aquatic invertebrates. The lowland tapir is considered fundamental in shaping forest undergrowth and in seed dispersal processes. Despite its functional importance, ecological aspects related to diet, habitat use, and food preferences are still unknown in much of its geographic range. Currently, these aspects in the Colombian Orinoquia are still unknown. We wanted to develop an approximation to the diet of the lowland tapir in the Colombian Orinoquia based on fecal samples analysis and traditional knowledge derived from citizen science monitoring. Fecal samples were collected between October 2015 and July 2018, vegetation monitoring and interviews with local communities were implemented. In total, 37 species of plants were recorded, where 23 species were determined through traditional knowledge. The most representative species in fecal samples were Rudgea crassiloba, Attalea butyracea, Inga alba and Cecropia peltata. The most recognized plants by human local communities were Mauritia flexuosa, A. butyracea, Bellucia grossularioides and I. alba. Our results provide an insight about the importance of tapirs in the consumption of large seeds such as M. flexuosa and A. butyracea, that are considered of economic relevance for human local communities. Incorporating citizen science monitoring allowed us identify plant species that are taxonomically difficult and to evaluate new information related to the natural history of cryptic species such as tapirs. This information is crucial to begin the construction of conservation strategies for the lowland tapir in the Orinoquia region of Colombia. Resumen: La danta de tierras bajas (Tapirus terrestris) es el segundo mamífero más grande de Sur América y habita una alta variedad de ecosistemas en donde cumple papeles funcionales claves. Es principalmente folívora, complementando su dieta con frutas, insectos e invertebrados acuáticos. Debido a esto, la especie es considerada importante en el moldeamiento del sotobosque y en la dispersión de semillas. A pesar de su importancia ecológica, aún se desconocen aspectos ecológicos relacionados con dieta, uso de hábitat, y preferencias alimentarias en gran parte de su rango geográfico. Actualmente estos aspectos son aún desconocidos en la Orinoquia colombiana. El trabajo buscó realizar una aproximación a la dieta de la danta en la Orinoquia colombiana basada en el procesamiento de muestras fecales y recopilación del conocimiento tradicional a través del monitoreo comunitario participativo. Fueron recolectadas muestras fecales entre octubre de 2015 y julio de 2018, se implementaron monitoreos de vegetación y entrevistas a las comunidades locales. Fueron registradas 37 especies de plantas en la dieta de la danta, donde 23 especies fueron determinadas por medio de conocimiento tradicional. Las especies más representativas en las muestras fecales fueron Rudgea crassiloba, Attalea butyracea, Inga alba y Cecropia peltata. Las plantas mayormente reconocidas por la comunidad local fueron Mauritia flexuosa, A. butyracea, Bellucia grossularioides e I. alba. Se evidenció la importancia de las dantas en el consumo de semillas grandes y de relevancia económica para las comunidades locales. Adicionalmente, la incorporación del conocimiento tradicional permitió el registro de especies de difícil determinación taxonómica y que son difíciles de identificar en las muestras fecales. Esta información es crucial para construir estrategias de conservación para la danta en la Orinoquia colombiana.