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Imagen de apoyo de  Hybrid behaviour orchestration in a multilayered cognitive architecture using an evolutionary approach

Hybrid behaviour orchestration in a multilayered cognitive architecture using an evolutionary approach

Por: Oscar Javier; Antonio Jiménez Romero López | Fecha: 2008

Managing and arbitrating behaviours, processes and components in multilayered cognitive architectures when a huge amount of environmental variables are changing continuously with increasing complexity, ensue in a very comprehensive task. The presented framework proposes an hybrid cognitive architecture that relies on subsumption theory and includes some important extensions. These extensions can be condensed in inclusion of learning capabilities through bio-inspired reinforcement machine learning systems, an evolutionary mechanism based on gene expression programming to self-configure the behaviour arbitration between layers, a co-evolutionary mechanism to evolve behaviour repertories in a parallel fashion and finally, an aggregation mechanism to combine the learning algorithms outputs to improve the learning quality and increase the robustness and fault tolerance ability of the cognitive agent. The proposed architecture was proved in an animat environment using a multi-agent platform where several learning capabilities and emergent properties for self-configuring internal agent’s architecture arise.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Artículos
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  • Ingeniería

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Hybrid behaviour orchestration in a multilayered cognitive architecture using an evolutionary approach

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Imagen de apoyo de  Endophilia or exophobia: beyond discrimination = Endofilia o exofobia: más allá de discriminación

Endophilia or exophobia: beyond discrimination = Endofilia o exofobia: más allá de discriminación

Por: Nicolás; Feld Salamanca Acosta | Fecha: 2013

The immense literature on discrimination treats outcomes as relative: One group suffers compared to another. But does a difference arise because agents discriminate against others—are exophobic—or because they favor their own kind—are endophilic? This difference matters, as the relative importance of the types of discrimination and their inter-relation affect market outcomes. Using a field experiment in which graders at one university were randomly assigned students’ exams that did or did not contain the students’ names, on average we find favoritism but no discrimination by nationality, and neither favoritism nor discrimination by gender, findings that are robust to a wide variety of potential concerns. We observe heterogeneity in both discrimination and favoritism by nationality and by gender in the distributions of graders’ preferences. We show that a changing correlation between endophilia and exophobia can generate perverse changes in observed market discrimination.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Artículos
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Endophilia or exophobia: beyond discrimination = Endofilia o exofobia: más allá de discriminación

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Imagen de apoyo de  The impact of marketing systems on soil sustainability of agriculture in developing countries: a method and an application

The impact of marketing systems on soil sustainability of agriculture in developing countries: a method and an application

Por: Jairo; Meulenberg Castaño Galves | Fecha: 2005

This article is concerned with soil-sustainability problems of agriculture in developing countries, in particular with soil erosion. The aim of our study is to develop a comprehensive model that explains the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices with respect to soil conservation. Our approach includes the following special features: (A) The model is comprehensive in that it includes a large number of institutional, personal–social, economic, and physical explanatory variables. (B) Particular attention is paid to the influence of marketing systems on the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices, which to our knowledge has been neglected in past research. (C) The concept of adopting sustainable agricultural practices (ASAP) is differentiated into a limited number of basic components of soil conservation.(D) The model is estimated by Principal Component Regression, which enhances efficient estimation of the impact of many explanatory variables on ASAP. Our model is applied to Cabuyal hillside farming in Colombia. The application demonstrates the usefulness of the proposed model. ASAP is differentiated into three basic components: soil-disturbance control, soil-protection practices, and run-off control. It appears that soil-disturbance control is particularly influenced by farmers’ characteristics, such as education and managerial variables. The second component, soil-protection practices, appears to be strongly influenced not only by farmers’ managerial variables but also by their relationship with their environment, in particular marketing institutions. The third soil-conservation component, run-off control, is influenced by the physical characteristics of the plot and by the available farm labor. Our empirical results demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed model in designing agricultural policies, because it can determine which variables are more likely to influence the adoption of a specific type of soil conservation.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Artículos
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  • Agricultura

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The impact of marketing systems on soil sustainability of agriculture in developing countries: a method and an application

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Imagen de apoyo de  Strategic portfolio management framework Queensland Rail National

Strategic portfolio management framework Queensland Rail National

Por: Mario Jheinner; Leake Vargas Cubides | Fecha: 2010

The commercial businesses of Queensland Rail (QR) were separated from the Government’s public transport business on 1 July 2010. QR National Limited will be sold via an Initial Public Offering (IPO) – sometimes referred to as a public float planned for the final quarter of 2010, subject to market conditions. On becoming a publicly listed company it is expected that there is great scope for increase in market share. In order to realise the opportunities available to a public company, the following undertakings are necessary: - Business and logistics improvements. - Compliance requirements. - Capital Investment. This report looks at the process to develop a program of work that will deliver on these undertakings. It describes how nominated projects were classified, scoped, prioritised and selected using a filtering process and how sub programs were packaged for delivery. Finally the report outlines a framework for execution. This framework includes an approach to governance, risk management, control of time, cost, scope and benefits realisation. Due to the limited knowledge of the inner workings of QR National, assumptions have been made based on information available in the public domain.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Artículos
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Strategic portfolio management framework Queensland Rail National

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Imagen de apoyo de  Asphyxial suicide by inhalation of chloroform inside a plastic bag

Asphyxial suicide by inhalation of chloroform inside a plastic bag

Por: Andrés Rodríguez Zorro | Fecha: 2014

Abstract: Asphyxia suicide by placing a plastic bag over the head in addition with inhalation of gases or use of sedative substances is an unusual method of committing suicide, but frequently referenced by right to die groups in the Internet. This article reports 2 suicides in which chloroform was used to induce unconsciousness and subsequent asphyxia by placing the head in a plastic bag. Case histories of two young Colombian males, ages 23 and 28, are described with special emphasis on characteristics of death related to suffocation using plastic bags and chloroform. The final remarkable point in both cases is that the victims previously searched the WEB for instructions of suicide methods. The importance of the phenomenon of misuse of Internet by young people who commit suicide is stressed. Resumen: El suicidio por asfixia mediante la colocación de una bolsa de plástico sobre la cabeza, además de la inhalación de gases o el uso de sustancias sedantes es un método inusual de cometer suicidio, pero es frecuentemente referenciado por los grupos que apoyan el derecho al suicidio en Internet. Este artículo reporta 2 casos de suicidios en los que se usó cloroformo para inducir la inconsciencia y la asfixia subsecuente colocando la cabeza en una bolsa de plástico. Se describen las historias de 2 jóvenes colombianos, de edades comprendidas entre 23 y 28 años, con especial énfasis en las características de su muerte relacionadas con la asfixia mediante bolsas de plástico y cloroformo. El último punto notable en ambos casos es que las víctimas previamente buscaron en la WEB instrucciones de métodos suicidas. Se resalta la importancia del fenómeno del mal uso de Internet por parte de los jóvenes con alto riesgo suicida.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Artículos
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Asphyxial suicide by inhalation of chloroform inside a plastic bag

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Imagen de apoyo de  New records and distribution extensions of some bird species in the Colombian Andean-Orinoco, department of Meta

New records and distribution extensions of some bird species in the Colombian Andean-Orinoco, department of Meta

Por: Johanna Isabel; Bonilla Rojas Murillo Pacheco | Fecha: 2016

Abstract: Here we present new records for four bird species to the Andean foothills of the department of Meta in Colombia, and we confirm the occurrence and document range extensions for these in the basin of the Orinoco river. These species are the Pied-billed Grebe, Podilymbus podiceps (Linnaeus 1758), the Yellowchinned Spinetail, Certhiaxis cinnamomeus (Gmelin 1788), the Yellow-browed Tyrant, Satrapa icterophrys (Viellot 1818), and the Glossy Ibis, Plegadis falcinellus (Linnaeus 1766). We also report new sightings of the Prothonotary Warbler, Protonotaria citrea (Boddaert 1783), Least Grebe, Tachybaptus dominicus (Linnaeus 1766), Oilbird, Steatornis caripensis (Humboldt 1817) and Epaulet Oriole, Icterus cayanensis (Linnaeus 1766) in the Colombian Andean-Orinoco (Meta department). Resumen: Aquí presentamos nuevos registros para cuatro especies de aves para las estribaciones Andinas del Departamento del Meta en Colombia, y confirmamos la ocurrencia y documentamos la extensión de rango para éstas especies en la cuenca del río Orinoco. Estas especies son el Zambullidor común Podilymbus podiceps (Linnaeus 1758), el chamicero barbiamarillo, Certhiaxis cinnamomeus (Gmelin 1788), el mosquero cejiamarillo, Satrapa icterophrys (Viellot 1818), y el ibis pico de hoz, Plegadis falcinellus (Linnaeus 1766). También reportamos nuevos registros de la Reinita cabecidorada, Protonotaria citrea (Boddaert 1783), el zambullidor chico, Tachybaptus dominicus (Linnaeus 1766), el guacharo, Steatornis caripensis (Humboldt 1817) y el turpial boyerito, Icterus cayanensis (Linnaeus 1766) en el Orinoco Andino de Colombia (departamento del Meta).
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Artículos
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New records and distribution extensions of some bird species in the Colombian Andean-Orinoco, department of Meta

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Imagen de apoyo de  Resistance of primary microsurgical repair of palmar digital nerves to finger mobilization: A cadaver study

Resistance of primary microsurgical repair of palmar digital nerves to finger mobilization: A cadaver study

Por: Santiago; Hidalgo Díaz Salazar Botero | Fecha: 2016

Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the resistance of microsurgically repaired proper palmar digital nerves (PPDN) to mobilization. Thirty-nine PPDN from fresh forearms cadavers were transected and then sutured using 10/0 nylon. After skin closure, each finger was forcefully flexed and extended 10 times. Out of the 39 repaired nerves, two were elongated and four were ruptured; this amounts to a 15.38% complication rate. We recommend immobilization of nerve repairs, although this contradicts most recent studies. Resumen: El objetivo de este trabajo es probar la resistencia de la neurorrafia de los nervios colaterales digitales. Se utilizaron 39 nervios colaterales digitales de 8 antebrazos de cadáver. La sección del nervio se realizó a nivel de la mitad de la falange proximal. La neurorrafia se realizó con Nylon 10-0. Se revisaron los especímenes para constatar el estado de las neurorrafias. Al considerar falla cualquier solución de continuidad o distensión de la zona de sutura se presenta falla de la misma el 15.38%. Los resultados de este estudio llevan a concluir que la inmovilización es necesaria para prevenir la ruptura de la neurorrafia de los nervios colaterales digitales.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Artículos
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  • Medicina

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Resistance of primary microsurgical repair of palmar digital nerves to finger mobilization: A cadaver study

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Imagen de apoyo de  Relaciones entre las políticas del Estado colombiano y la situación jurídica de las comunidades autóctonas en el desarrollo de proyectos energéticos: el caso de los Embera-Katíos y la hidroeléctrica de Urrá

Relaciones entre las políticas del Estado colombiano y la situación jurídica de las comunidades autóctonas en el desarrollo de proyectos energéticos: el caso de los Embera-Katíos y la hidroeléctrica de Urrá

Por: Carlos Martín Carbonell Higuera | Fecha: 2011

El artículo presenta un análisis sobre el papel del Estado en las relaciones entre las comunidades indígenas y los proyectos hidroeléctricos en Colombia, así como las consideraciones jurídicas que se han puesto en juego en estas situaciones. El estudio toma como caso de estudio la construcción de la represa de Urrá en la región del Alto Sinú, la cual tuvo un impacto significativo sobre las condiciones de supervivencia cultural de una comunidad del pueblo Embera-Katío habitante en los territorios de influencia del proyecto. El trabajo hace un seguimiento a las decisiones judiciales de carácter constitucional respecto a la protección de los derechos de los pueblos indígenas, en el contexto de un Estado que se reconoce multicultural.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Artículos
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Relaciones entre las políticas del Estado colombiano y la situación jurídica de las comunidades autóctonas en el desarrollo de proyectos energéticos: el caso de los Embera-Katíos y la hidroeléctrica de Urrá

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Imagen de apoyo de  Nitrogen Transformation and Removal in Maturation Ponds: Tracer Experiments with 15N Stable Isotopes in The United Kingdom in Summer

Nitrogen Transformation and Removal in Maturation Ponds: Tracer Experiments with 15N Stable Isotopes in The United Kingdom in Summer

Por: Miller Alonso; Mara Camargo Valero | Fecha: 2007

The mechanisms and pathways by which nitrogen in its various forms is removed from waste stabilization ponds (WSP) have been a subject of much debate. In order to improve current understanding of the dynamics of inorganic and organic nitrogen removal in WSP systems, a study using stable nitrogen isotopes (15N) was undertaken on an experimental pilot-scale WSP system at Esholt Wastewater Treatment Works (Bradford, UK) in summer 2005 and 2006. A primary maturation pond was spiked with 15N-labelled ammonia (15NH4Cl) and 15N-labelled algae (Chlorella vulgaris) to track nitrogen transformations and removal associated with ammonia volatilization, nitrification, and algal uptake and its subsequent sedimentation and retention/hydrolysis in the sludge layer. Stable isotope analysis of 15N, in conjunction with performance indicators, revealed that total nitrogen is poorly removed (? 8%) but ammonium nitrogen removal is very good in summer (effluent concentration <2 mg NH4 + -N/L). The nitrogen cycle in maturation ponds is dominated by biological uptake as ammonium nitrogen is rapidly transformed into algal biomass as suspended organic nitrogen which then either leaves in the pond effluent or is sedimented as dead cells. Ammonia removal by volatilization makes little or no contribution to nitrogen removal and biological nitrate uptake prevents classical nitrification. Thus algal uptake of ammonium and subsequent sedimentation and retention in the sludge layer, after parti al ammonification of the algal organic nitrogen, appears to be the dominant mechanism for permanent nitrogen removal in maturation ponds during warm summer months in England.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Artículos
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Nitrogen Transformation and Removal in Maturation Ponds: Tracer Experiments with 15N Stable Isotopes in The United Kingdom in Summer

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Imagen de apoyo de  Implementing value engineering studies in public infrastructure project delivery framework

Implementing value engineering studies in public infrastructure project delivery framework

Por: Felipe Castro Arenas | Fecha: 2013

Some authors argue that Value Engineering (VE) is just an audit exercise carried out over the work of planners and designers, and that the large success it has had in organizations like the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) in the USA is just a proof that engineers are doing things wrong from the outset (Winch, 2002). In many cases, VE studies are executed just in a reactive manner when project managers face budget overruns and schedule delays. However, VE has shown ever more effective when it is fully integrated into the organization’s project delivery framework. Nonetheless, deciding upon the best timing for executing VE studies still remains controversial. The timing is a critical factor for the effectiveness of VE studies and this article attempts to shed light on this issue
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Artículos
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Implementing value engineering studies in public infrastructure project delivery framework

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