Ejemplar es guión melódico manuscrito

Digital.Bogotá :Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia,2023.Recurso en línea (2 páginas) : archivo de texto, PDF, 2.2 MB

Digital.Bogotá :Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia,2023.Recurso en línea (13 páginas) : archivo de texto, PDF, 7.6 MB

Descripción física : 1 partitura (2 páginas) ;31 cm

Josefita de Rangel.Donación

Descripción física : 1 partitura (2 páginas) ;35 cm

Descripción física : 1 partitura (2 páginas) ;32 cm

The thesis focuses the topic of squatter settlements located along borders in twin cities on the Amazon context. The study claims that Twin Cities are integrated by informality, in this case by squatter settlements along borders. In addition to the integration, these squatter settlements are transforming the border from a limit towards a social spatial construction of their territory. Based on that, the study looks for a cross border approach which can be developed by local governments of twin cities in order to manage squatter settlements along borders as a shared and common problem. In order to develop the research, the study has been done in the case of Leticia (Colombia) and Tabatinga (Brazil) twin cities in the Amazon. The thesis is focused in a natural space which has been the border between these twin cities the San Antonio ravine. Along this “natural” limit between Colombia and Brazil has been taken place an occupation of squatter settlements that has transformed the international limit into an “informal” urban space. The thesis developed two approaches in order to study the mentioned case of squatter settlements located along borders in twin cities. First, the study developed a bottom up approach analysing socioeconomic and physical characteristics of squatter settlements inhabitants and comparing both squatter settlements based on fieldwork findings. The comparative study looks for symmetric and asymmetric issues between both squatter settlements which are a key output towards a cross border approach between the twin cities based on needs and characteristics of squatter settlements inhabitants in the Amazon context. On the other hand, the study developed a review of urban policies of Colombia and Brazil looking for aspects that can be taking into account for local government of Leticia and Tabatinga in their local policies for managing squatter settlements on flood prone lands located on the border’s fringe. In addition, the study made a review of the current frontiers policies of both countries in order to find key elements that can used by local government for developing a cross border cooperation for managing squatter settlements in a cooperation and integration framework.Finally, the study looks for a short and long term appropriate approach for managing these two squatter settlements located along the border between the Leticia and Tabatinga twin cities. The recommendations for both terms can be useful input for future housing policies, and urban planning and management instruments in the twin cities based on Amazon characteristics. Moreover, the research methodology developed in the study can be an appropriate research procedure for further urban studies in Leticia and Tabatinga twin cities, especially on squatter settlements along border’s fringe.

Hoy en día, la sociedad moderna se está olvidando del verdadero valor de los objetos. Una prueba de esto es el costo de algunos productos producidos en masa. Éstos pueden ser comprados a un precio muy bajo. Los productos de bajo precio generalmente no son tan apreciados y valorados como los productos de alto costo.  La conexión del producto con el dueño está limitada por el corto periodo de tiempo que el objeto es usado. En algunas ocasiones, el objeto no tiene ningún significado mas allá de la función inmediata que cumple. Esta tendencia está llevando a un consumo irresponsable creando además, problemáticas de desecho y un crecimiento de los vertederos de basuras. El mobiliario es uno de los ítems que mas crea inconvenientes para el desecho. Por una parte, no cabe en una caneca de basura normal y no está categorizado para el reciclaje. Sin embrago, por otra parte, el mobiliario representa la extensión de un espacio. Determina la interacción entre usuarios, espacios y entre ellos dos.En algunas comunidades populares de Colombia, el mobiliario es heredado. El gran paso de salir de la casa de los padres significa establecer un nuevo hogar propio. Generalmente, este paso viene acompañado con muebles donados por los padres.  Esta práctica continúa de generación en generación y establece una conexión entre la familia a través del mueble. Sin embargo, esta práctica no siempre tiene un final feliz. Algunos de estos muebles luego de varias generaciones se encuentran viejos y averiados, ya no son deseados o simplemente, han alcanzado un estado de desuso. Contribuyendo al incremento de los vertederos de basuras. El reto de AL TALLER, es dar una nueva razón de ser a estos muebles viejos. Cambiar su ciclo de vida para que así sean deseados nuevamente. Los diseñadores tienen el importante papel de analizar el estado del objeto, interpretar las necesidades y deseos de los usuarios y proveer una solución creativa. Una solución creativa dando un nuevo propósito al objeto. Haciéndolo entrar de nuevo en un ciclo en el cual durará más. A demás, el mayor valor impreso al nuevo mueble será que el trabajo es hecho por el dueño. Haciendo la pieza un orgullo y especialmente, única.

Since the creation of the Old Age Pension scheme (Algemene Ouderdomswet, henceforth; AOW) in 1957 some important changes in its regulation have taken place. The purpose of this study is to analyse the redistribution of income for different individuals in the AOW taking into account these changes in regulation and different groups of individuals according to their gender, civil status and income. This comparison is made by using the Generational Accounts approach, initially presented by Auerbach (1991), in which the Net Present Value of the pension benefits received by every individual from the system is subtracted from the Net Present Value of the contributions paid to the system. In this study the database IPO, Documentatierapport Inkomenspanelonderzoek from CBS, Statistics Netherlands, has been used for some specific years after 1977. For the data of 2008 onwards the future contributions and benefits of the individuals will be projected according to the forecasts of the wage increases and pension benefits. A sensitivity analysis is also performed in order to check the changes in the Generational Accounts of the individuals with different discount rates and including the effects of the New Pension Contract.