Abstract: The constant evolution of power systems and their protection and control systems has brought the need to investigate different concepts that could help improve the implementation and testing of protection and control systems during the complete lifecycle of electrical substations. Centralized protection and control system is a concept that has been under study for many years already but has gained more force lately, thanks to the evolution of computing technology and the more substantial influence of the standard IEC61850 in electrical substations. This thesis has studied the centralized protection and control systems starting with the development of a market availably. The result shows that even though the general concept between the available systems is the same, the specific architecture depends on the technology used to implement the centralized concept. The result also shows that the two technologies leading the market availability are the SASensor from Locamation and the SSC600 from ABB. The technologies virtualization and Synaptec’s Refase system are also investigated in this thesis. Protection and control test methodologies do also depend on the technology to be tested. Therefore, this thesis shows an overall protection and control testing lifecycle analysis of a centralized protection and control system. The architecture of the reference system used for the testing lifecycle evaluation has similarities to a decentralized digital substation architecture. Using that kind of architecture allows fully IEC61850 based protection and control testing, as the results have shown it. Therefore, knowledge, tools, and procedures developed for decentralized digital substations also apply to the centralized concept. The last part of this work presents a practical application example that uses the SSC600 as a protection and control central unit. The device configuration is based on a power system example designed for the thesis. The IEC61850 system engineering of the system and test procedures are part of the results of the practical part.

Abstract: In recent years, breweries have had to adapt the way they use resources and manage the by-products of the production chain, such as organic and packaging waste. Likewise, they’ve needed to find a way to respond to the environmental pressures of the beer industry, such as energy and water usage as well as resource depletion. Several alternatives have been proposed to face these environmental burdens, one example is the application of Circular Economy principles in the production process. This research focuses on the supply chain-related challenges that small craft breweries face when they use circular or alternative raw materials in their production chain. This research seeks to understand the circular supply chain in the brewing industry by analysing three small European breweries. Data collection consisted of multiple sources, among which were interviews. The main goal is to identify the challenges faced by the companies that switched their production methods leaning toward circularity and to find a possible way to address them. The challenges will be analysed following the Circular Business Model and the Circular Supply Chain Theoretical Approaches. The contribution of this project is in terms of management decision-making for a circular supply chain in small businesses in the food industry.

Abstract: The CDM (Clean Development Mechanisms), VCM (Voluntary Carbon Markets) and PES (Payment for Ecosystem Services) that support the REDD+ pathway, have long been part of the sustainable development policy arena. The competition for resources to ‘develop for the developed’ has taken many turns (de Soussa Santos, 2006), and the consequent commodification of nature can be traced to different cultures, and back to an unknown history of who was the first. This research asks whether market-based solutions like REDD+ have failed. Some say they have, some that this is part of the process, and others, that –-‘better this than nothing’-, but is there a correct answer? The reason for placing REDD+ inside of CDM-VCM-PES is clarified through the green growth agenda, where forests are one of the main subject of carbon offsets in biodiversity programs. Of the 501 developing countries that have submitted assessments to the UNFCCC, just 15 submitted a summary on how safeguards are being addressed and respected (UNFCCC, 2022). For now, safeguards are the only mechanism for securing rights, but we need to ask which rights, and whose rights. This research uses a decolonizing perspective to address these question in the example of Colombia. The research offers guidance to those that seek to keep applying environmental safeguards as a direct way to address land rights and climate, environmental and social justice. It also attempts to advance the social constructions of different pathways to sustainable development and the strategies for tackling the underlying drivers of climate change from a decolonizing perspective.

Abstract: This document is about the meanings of place, the processes of displacement, community building, and struggles for empowerment narrated by Afro-Colombian women community leaders in Cali, Colombia. The section Reforma Rural Integral of the peace agreement signed by the Colombian government and the FARC-EP defines the place as an economic asset restricting it to its physical meaning in contrast to the definitions given by the women who also attached to place symbolic and social meanings. Three research questions guide this article: What is the social and symbolic meanings given to the places left behind and newly inhabited, by displaced Afro-Colombian women? How do women narrate their belonging to different places and communities, and their struggles to establish a new life after displacement? How are gender and ethnicity/race embedded in these narratives? Based on participant observation, in-depth interviews, and thematic analysis, it was possible to demonstrate how, through individual and collective political struggles, these women build their roles within the new communities in Cali by following or challenging patterns of gender identity. What allows them to create a place for themselves, through intersections of gender, race, age, and family, as well as through loss and struggle. Resumen: Este documento trata de los significados del lugar, los procesos de desplazamiento, la construcción de la comunidad y las luchas por el empoderamiento narradas por cinco mujeres afrocolombianas lideresas comunitarias en Cali, Colombia. La sección Reforma rural integral del acuerdo de paz firmado por el gobierno colombiano y las FARC-EP define el ‘lugar’ como un activo económico que lo restringe a su significado físico en contraste con las definiciones dadas por las mujeres quienes le añaden significados simbólicos y sociales. Tres preguntas de investigación guían este artículo: ¿Cuáles son los significados sociales y simbólicos dados por las cinco mujeres desplazadas afrocolombianas a los lugares que han habitado? ¿Cómo narran las mujeres su pertenencia a los diferentes lugares y comunidades, y sus luchas por establecer una nueva vida después del desplazamiento? ¿Cómo se integran el género y la etnia / raza en estas narraciones? A partir de la observación participante, entrevistas en profundidad y un análisis temático, fue posible demostrar cómo a través de luchas políticas individuales y colectivas, estas mujeres construyen sus roles dentro de las nuevas comunidades en Cali siguiendo o desafiando patrones de identidad de género. Lo que les permite crear un lugar para sí mismas, a través de intersecciones de género, raza/etnia, edad y familia, así como a través de la pérdida y la lucha.

Abstract: Potato farming is relevant for global carbon balances and greenhouse emissions, of which gross primary productivity (GPP) is one of the main drivers. In this study, the net carbon ecosystem exchange (NEE) was measured using the Eddy Covariance (EC) method in two potato crops, one of them with an irrigation system, the other under rainfed conditions. Accurate NEE partition into GPP and ecosystem respiration (RECO) was carried out by fitting a light response curve. Direct measurements of dry weight and leaf area were performed from sowing to the end of canopy life cycle and tuber bulking. Agricultural drought in the rainfed crop resulted in limited GPP rate, low leaf area index (LAI), and low canopy carbon assimilation response to the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Hence, in this crop, there was lower efficiency in tuber biomass gain and NEE sum indicated net carbon emissions to atmosphere (NEE = 154.7 g C m?2 ± 30.21). In contrast, the irrigated crop showed higher GPP rate and acted as a carbon sink (NEE = ?366.6 g C m?2 ± 50.30). Our results show, the environmental and productive benefits of potato crops grown under optimal water supply.

Abstract: This dissertation is presented as three interrelated studies that were prepared as standalone articles. Each article focuses on one key subject that emerged from years of fieldwork and analysis: the different existing interpretations of sustainability in the wine industry; the imperative to have sensorially pleasing wines; and the lack of definition for sustainable and natural wines. By exploring these subjects, this dissertation studies the cultural practice of winemaking and wine tasting to examine how different interpretations, values, and practices of wine production and wine tasting are embodied and rationalized through distinct discourses of sustainability. Through participant observations, interviews, and informal conversations in British Columbia’s Okanagan wine region, the author begins by examining how the concepts of sustainability and nature are expressed and used by wine producers with different types of winemaking practices (Chapter 2). Through a comparative analysis of these expressions and uses of sustainability and nature, a sustainability continuum is proposed, as basis for a sustainability typology of wine producers. Chapter 3 then moves on to the topic of wine sensoriality and how its socio-cultural construction has a key role in furthering (or obstructing) the development of a sustainability-focused wine industry. For this chapter, the author draws on three distinct research projects, covering a wide spectrum of methodological and epistemological approaches, with both quantitative and qualitative tools, to provide a better understanding of the concept and role of wine expertise and how it manifests in the form of wine sensory assessments. This chapter provides evidence that wines with differing and unusual sensorial characteristics can be appreciated differently depending on the context and background of each taster and that certain sustainable wines (e.g., natural wines) with more sensorial differences than mainstream wines might be less accepted in regions where there is no space for variation from a set standard of taste and quality. Finally, Chapter 4 presents a new conceptualization of a specific type of sustainable wines - natural wines - as subversive art. With this, by providing an alternative conceptual way to describe an ill-defined winemaking approach, the chapter contributes to the study of social movements by presenting subversive and urban art as a framing element rather than a direct medium for dissent.

Abstract: Background: The association between prolonged non-nutritive sucking habits (NNSHs, ie, sucking pacifiers or fingers) and maxillofacial growth anomalies in the general population has been widely described. Because maturation of sucking abilities is not fully achieved in very preterm infants (< 32 weeks’ gestation), neonatal services worldwide rely on the use of pacifiers to promote the development of adequate sucking reflexes, possibly prolonging NNSHs during infancy. Objective: We aimed to describe the frequency and to identify factors associated with NNSHs at age 2 years in very preterm children. Methods: The study was based on data from EPIPAGE-2, a French national prospective cohort study of preterm births during 2011 that included 2593 children born between 24 and 31 weeks’ gestation. The primary outcome was NNSHs at 2 years. Multivariable log-linear regression models with generalized estimation equations were used to study the association between the characteristics studied and NNSHs. Multiple imputations were used to take into account missing data. Results: The frequency of NNSHs was 69% in the overall sample but higher among girls (adjusted risk ratio [RR] 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05, 1.17), children born from multiple pregnancies (eg, twins/triplets) (RR 1.07, 95% CI 1.00, 1.11), children who were fed by nasogastric tube (RR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01, 1.13), or those who benefitted from developmental care programmes (RR 1.10, 95% CI 1.02, 1.19). The NNSHs frequency was lower if mothers were not born in France (RR 0.70, 95% CI 0.64, 0.77), children had 2 or more older siblings (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.82, 0.96), or children were breast-fed at discharge (RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.85, 0.95). Conclusions: NNSHs at 2 years seemed associated with cultural background, devel- opment care programmes, and breast feeding. Whether NNSHs at 2 years among very preterm children are associated with future maxillofacial growth anomalies deserves further attention. Resumen: Antecedentes: La asociación entre hábitos prolongados de succión no nutritiva (HSNN, es decir, chupar chupete o dedos) y anomalías del crecimiento maxilofacial en la población general ha sido ampliamente descrita. Debido a que la maduración de las habilidades de succión no se logra por completo en los bebés muy prematuros (< 32 semanas de gestación), los servicios neonatales de todo el mundo dependen del uso de chupetes para promover el desarrollo de reflejos de succión adecuados, lo que posiblemente prolongue los HSNN durante la infancia. Objetivo: Nuestro objetivo fue describir la frecuencia e identificar los factores asociados con los HSNN a los 2 años de edad en niños muy prematuros. Métodos: El estudio se basó en datos de EPIPAGE-2, un estudio de cohorte prospectivo nacional francés de nacimientos prematuros durante 2011 que incluyó a 2593 niños nacidos entre las semanas 24 y 31 de gestación. El criterio de interes primario fue HSNN a los 2 años. Se utilizaron modelos de regresión log-lineal multivariable con ecuaciones de estimación generalizadas para estudiar la asociación entre las características estudiadas y los HSNN. Se utilizaron imputaciones múltiples para tener en cuenta los datos faltantes. Resultados: La frecuencia de HSNN fue del 69 % en la muestra general, pero mayor entre las niñas, niños nacidos de embarazos múltiples (p. ej., gemelos/trillizos), niños alimentados por sonda nasogástrica, o aquellos que se beneficiaron de programas de atención del desarrollo. La frecuencia de HSNN fue menor si las madres no nacieron en Francia, los niños tenían 2 o más hermanos mayores, o los niños fueron amamantados al alta. Conclusiones: Los HSNN a los 2 años parecían estar asociados con los antecedentes culturales, los programas de atención del desarrollo y la lactancia materna. Si los HSNN a los 2 años entre los niños muy prematuros se asocian con futuras anomalías del crecimiento maxilofacial merece mayor atención.

Abstract: Introduction: Children born very preterm have an immature sucking reflex at birth and are exposed to neonatal care that can impede proper palate growth. Objectives: We aimed to describe the frequency of high-arched palate and posterior crossbite at the age of 5 in children born very preterm and to identify their respective risk factors. Methods: Our study was based on the data from EPIPAGE-2, a French national prospective cohort study, and included 2,594 children born between 24- and 31-week gestation. Outcomes were high-arched palate and posterior crossbite. Multivariable models estimated by generalized estimation equations with multiple imputation were used to study the association between the potential risk factors studied and each outcome. Results: Overall, 8 % of children born very preterm had a high-arched palate and 15 % posterior crossbite. The odds of high-arched palate were increased for children with low gestational age (24–29 vs. 30–31 weeks of gestation) [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17, 2.66], thumb-sucking habits at the age of 2 (aOR 1.53, 95% CI 1.03, 2.28), and cerebral palsy (aOR 2.18, 95% CI 1.28, 3.69). The odds of posterior crossbite were increased for children with pacifier-sucking habits at the age of 2 (aOR 1.75, 95% CI 1.30, 2.36). Conclusions: Among very preterm children, low gestational age and cerebral palsy are the specific risk factors for a high-arched palate. High-arched palate and posterior crossbite share non-nutritive sucking habits as a common risk factor. The oro-facial growth of these children should be monitored. Resumen: Introducción: Los niños que nacen muy prematuros tienen un reflejo de succión inmaduro al nacer y están expuestos a cuidados neonatales que pueden impedir el correcto crecimiento del paladar. Objetivos: Nuestro objetivo fue describir la frecuencia de paladar ojival y mordida cruzada posterior a la edad de 5 años en niños nacidos muy prematuros e identificar sus respectivos factores de riesgo. Métodos: Nuestro estudio se basó en los datos de EPIPAGE-2, un estudio de cohorte prospectivo nacional francés, e incluyó a 2 594 niños nacidos entre las semanas 24 y 31 de gestación. Los resultados fueron paladar ojival y mordida cruzada posterior. Se utilizaron modelos multivariables estimados por ecuaciones de estimación generalizadas con imputación múltiple para estudiar la asociación entre los potenciales factores de riesgo estudiados y cada desenlace. Resultados: En general, el 8% de los niños nacidos muy prematuros tenían paladar ojival y el 15% mordida cruzada posterior. Las probabilidades de paladar ojival aumentaron para niños con edad gestacional baja (24–29 vs. 30–31 semanas de gestación) [odds ratio ajustado (ORa) 1,76, intervalo de confianza (IC) del 95 % 1,17, 2,66], hábito de succión del pulgar a los 2 años (ORa 1,53, IC 95% 1,03, 2,28), y parálisis cerebral (ORa 2,18, IC 95% 1,28, 3,69). Las probabilidades de mordida cruzada posterior aumentaron para los niños con hábitos de succión del chupete a la edad de 2 años (ORa 1,75, IC del 95%: 1,30, 2,36). Conclusiones: Entre los niños muy prematuros, la baja edad gestacional y la parálisis cerebral son los factores de riesgo específicos para paladar ojival. El paladar ojival y la mordida cruzada posterior comparten hábitos de succión no nutritiva como factor de riesgo común. El crecimiento orofacial de estos niños debe ser monitoreado.

Abstract: This paper analyses one of the dichotomies around which the European Commission has built its policies to facilitate and stimulate data sharing as a key element of a thriving data economy, that is, the distinction between public sector and private sector data. The paper investigates the assumptions underlying this dichotomy and whether they still hold under the current dynamics of data production. In particular, this article focuses on European Union legislation and policies on accessibility and re-use of data to foster innovation and economic growth, embodied in what the European Commission understands as Government-to-Business (G2B) data sharing and Business-to-Business (B2B) data sharing. Resumen: Este artículo analiza una de las dicotomías en torno a las cuales la Comisión Europea ha construido sus políticas para facilitar y estimular el acceso a datos como elemento clave de la economía de datos, esto es, la distinción entre datos del sector público y del sector privado. El artículo investiga los supuestos que subyacen a esta dicotomía y si aún se sostienen bajo la dinámica actual de producción de datos. En particular, este artículo se centra en la legislación y las políticas de la Unión Europea sobre accesibilidad y reutilización de datos para fomentar la innovación y el crecimiento económico, plasmadas en lo que la Comisión Europea entiende como intercambio de datos 'gobierno a empresa' (government to business - G2B) y de 'empresa a empresa' (Business to Business - B2B).

Semana cultural del Japón -- 2 Seminario ejecutivo -- 3 Arte folclórico Japones -- 4 Concierto de violin y piano -- 5 Conferencia -- 6 Ciclo de cine Japones -- 7 Concurso: Argumentos en idioma Japones -- 8 Conferencia