Obstetric Violence in Latin America: A Scoping Review = Violencia Obstétrica en Latinoamérica: Una Revisión Sistemática Exploratoria
Abstract:
Latin American countries are experiencing a significant increase in the reports of mistreatment that women experience while using the maternity healthcare services, a phenomenon acknowledged as “Obstetric Violence” (OV). The Latin American region is crucial for the recognition of OV, not only because the term OV was originated there, but also because of its particular response to the matter. The present Scoping Review aimed to identify and review the available evidence about the response of Latin American countries to OV.
As a result, it was found, firstly, that the emergence of the concept of OV in Latin America demonstrated to be a transformative tool useful to raise awareness about the mistreatment women face when giving birth. This OV concept also positions this problematic as subset of gendered violence and as a type of structural violence, through which the need to address it systemically is highlighted.
Secondly, the used categorization of OV appears to be the broadest and more inclusive typology, emphasizing that OV might stem from both intentional and unintentional actions of healthcare professionals, as well as from conditions within healthcare organizations. Moreover, the identified variables that influence the response to OV in Latin America were synthetized into a theoretical framework, which offers insight into how the problem has been addressed until now and subsequently, provides useful lessons for other countries seeking approaches to combat mistreatment of women during childbirth. Lastly, it was determined that, in order to address OV and allow the progression of public policies to become regionally available, a broadened view encompassing a human rights-based approach is necessary.
This research allowed to conclude that OV is a multi-faceted and complex phenomenon whose solution requires a multidimensional and multidisciplinary approach. Furthermore, OV should be understood as more than a simple act of mistreatment, but rather be viewed as a set of socially constructed symbolic, and violent, meanings allowing different stakeholders to reframe the abuse and violence that women undergoing childbirth experience as natural, expected, and accepted, reinforcing specific gender dynamics not merely in maternity care but in society overall.
Finally, the framework to tackle OV within the human rights approach developed by the author is expected to be advantageous for the development of further research, programs, and policies to prevent OV in Latin America and beyond.
Fuente:
Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República
Tipo de contenido:
Tesis
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