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Imagen de apoyo de  Who is a legitimate actor under international human rights law? A story about women’s mobilization against enforced disappearances

Who is a legitimate actor under international human rights law? A story about women’s mobilization against enforced disappearances

Por: Angélica María Cocomá Ricaurte | Fecha: 2022

Abstract: This article inquires about who is deemed a legitimate actor by international human rights law. It offers an analysis of the role of the Latin American Federation of Associations of Relatives of Disappeared Detainees (FEDEFAM) as a women-led leading organization in creating the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearances (CED) in 2007. The article shows that the wives and daughters of the disappeared played a determinant role in their struggle against enforced disappearances, undermining the view of the Working Group on Enforced Disappearances (WGEID), which did not recognize their struggle in its early reports. The article also critiques how international human rights law uses colonial and patriarchal power to produce and exclude subjects. Finally, it concludes by offering an analysis of the affective dimensions of FEDEFAM’s struggle as an opportunity to rethink human rights grassroots women-led mobilizations as a place for resistance against dominant narratives in international human rights law.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Artículos
  • Temas:
  • Movimientos sociales
  • Ciencia política

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Who is a legitimate actor under international human rights law? A story about women’s mobilization against enforced disappearances

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Imagen de apoyo de  The Impact of Education Policies Implemented During Covid-19 on Inequalities: A Comparative Analysis Of Chile and Colombia

The Impact of Education Policies Implemented During Covid-19 on Inequalities: A Comparative Analysis Of Chile and Colombia

Por: Laura Lizeth Cancino Joya | Fecha: 2022

Abstract: The promotion of education as a human right became part of the discourse of international aid agencies and banks since the end of WWII. Consequently, studies of development have examined the conditions under which education becomes a driver of socio-economic progress under three theories: “modernization”, “human capital”, and “dependency”. Previous research has not agreed on the impact of education on inequalities and mainly adopted a quantitative approach. This dissertation implements a mixed-methods approach to examine context-specific variables in comparative education with the “dependency” theory. The outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020 generated great losses in human capital accumulation. In Latin America, one of the most unequal regions in the world, the impact of school disruption increased drop-out rates and forced governments to generate measures to mitigate learning losses. This dissertation examines through a comparative analysis to what extent remote learning policies implemented during COVID-19 reduced inequality gaps in Chile and Colombia, with a particular focus on secondary education. Moreover, as intervening variables, it selects two neoliberal characteristics: privatization and government intervention. Colombia and Chile implemented multimodal education policies during COVID-19. However, in Colombia, school closures lasted longer than in Chile. The PISA exam forecast of the World Bank also suggests that education inequality gaps in secondary education increased after the pandemic, with greater inequalities in Colombia. Moreover, the Gini coefficient shows that Colombia has been more unequal than Chile before and after COVID-19. Lastly, the analysis of the intervening variables shows that remote learning policies were unable to reduce inequalities and mainly favoured private institutions and urban areas. Finally, as part of the lessons, this research suggests that the neo-liberal characteristics of both countries marked a difference in the implementation of policies. Moreover, the lack of information incentivised the adoption of good practices that become suitable policy alternatives when adapted to local needs. Lastly, this research evidences the need for LAC to include technological tools in their education systems to respond to future crises.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Tesis
  • Temas:
  • COVID-19
  • Ciencia política

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The Impact of Education Policies Implemented During Covid-19 on Inequalities: A Comparative Analysis Of Chile and Colombia

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Imagen de apoyo de  Oil and state capture: the subnational links between oil revenues and armed conflict in Colombia

Oil and state capture: the subnational links between oil revenues and armed conflict in Colombia

Por: Juan David Gutiérrez Rodríguez | Fecha: 2018

Abstract: While there is strong evidence of the association between oil wealth and internal armed conflicts, the literature is less conclusive about the processes linking the two. Despite myriad mechanisms hypothesised by the literature, much uncertainty still exists about the causal pathways between oil and armed conflicts. How does oil revenues affect the occurrence and course of internal armed conflicts in contexts of political decentralisation? The main argument of the thesis is that the control of abundant oil revenues by subnational governments contributes to shape the strategies undertaken by armed groups at the local level. Subnational governments become a prize for armed groups, which pursue oil revenues through the political capture of local democracy. The armed groups interfere with democracy through a mix of violent and non-violent strategies. The thesis identifies political connections between oil revenues and armed conflicts and traces mechanism which I term the subnational-government-astarget. The pathway contributes to explain how oil revenues can undermine the workings of the subnational government through the dynamics of the armed conflict. A comparative case study approach was implemented to examine how oil revenues affected conflict and public management at the subnational level in Colombia. Drawing on data collected over five months of fieldwork in oilroyalty-abundant municipalities, the thesis also constitutes one of the first studies to examine the effects of oil revenues accrued by non-oil-producing municipalities in Colombia. The qualitative and quantitative data was triangulated to carry out a process-tracing analysis covering the period from the early 1960s to 2017.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Tesis
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Oil and state capture: the subnational links between oil revenues and armed conflict in Colombia

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Imagen de apoyo de  Why Different Powers Behave Similarly: A Neoclassical Realist Approach to American and Canadian Engagements in Afghanistan (2001-2014)

Why Different Powers Behave Similarly: A Neoclassical Realist Approach to American and Canadian Engagements in Afghanistan (2001-2014)

Por: Federmán Rodríguez | Fecha: 2022

Abstract: Over twenty years passed since American and Canadian forces arrived in Afghanistan to start the War on Terrorism as a response to 9/11, and during this period, there has been an enormous controversy about the nature and the scope of the Afghanistan intervention. Amidst this controversy, this dissertation aims to unravel a strategic puzzle: why and how the United States and Canada adopted similar engagement levels, especially similar counterinsurgency (COIN) strategies between 2005/2006 and 2011. During this time, the United States and Canada fought against insurgent groups, sought to maintain stabilized areas by mentoring Afghan forces, and invested in infrastructure and governance. These goals, which corresponded to the ‘clear,’ ‘hold,’ and ‘build’ COIN components, entailed sending troops and civilian officials to a war zone and committing financial resources. According to structural realism as a dominant IR theory, the similarity of American and Canadian engagements constitutes a puzzle because this theory would expect that countries with different relative standings in the international system are meant to adopt different foreign and security policies. To unravel this puzzle, this dissertation uses neoclassical realism. Like a realist theory, it examines the effects of relative material capabilities on foreign policy, which is an essential factor in comparing American and Canadian foreign and security policies. Yet, unlike structural realism, it considers dimensions other than states’ relative standing, such as perceptions and domestic politics, which, along with the relative standing, help to unpack the puzzle above. Based on this theory, the central argument of this dissertation is that the similarity of American and Canadian engagements resulted from similar systemic stimuli from the post-9/11 strategic environment, foreign policy executives’ (FPE) similar strategic beliefs, and comparable abilities to mobilize domestic resources. By showing the occurrence of factors on both American and Canadian sides bringing about the outcome above, this dissertation seeks to undermine the ideas of the “Americanization” of Canadian foreign and security policy and the syndrome of “parochialism” of the United States regarding its Northern neighbour.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Tesis
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Why Different Powers Behave Similarly: A Neoclassical Realist Approach to American and Canadian Engagements in Afghanistan (2001-2014)

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Imagen de apoyo de  Discurso del Señor Doctor Rafael Nuñez dirigido al pueblo de la capital

Discurso del Señor Doctor Rafael Nuñez dirigido al pueblo de la capital

Por: Rafael Núñez | Fecha: 1885

Copia del discurso que pronunció el presidente Rafael Núñez, en el que critica a los rebeldes que se han opuesto a la Regeneración y anuncia que esta ha llegado a su fin. En el documento hace un llamado a la concordial, la unión y la tolerancia de los ciudadanos colombianos.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Prensa
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Discurso del Señor Doctor Rafael Nuñez dirigido al pueblo de la capital

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Imagen de apoyo de  El presidente de la república a la nación: 3 de Agosto de 1900

El presidente de la república a la nación: 3 de Agosto de 1900

Por: Manuel Antonio Sanclemente | Fecha: 1900

Impreso en el que Manuel Antonio Sanclemente se dirige a los colombianos para rechazar el golpe de Estado en su contra que realizó el vicepresidente José Manuel Marroquin. En el documento pide a los colombianos que se unan a su protesta y demanda, pues Sanclemente violó la constitución y sobrepuso sus intereses sobre lo que está decretado en la constitución.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Prensa
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El presidente de la república a la nación: 3 de Agosto de 1900

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El Jeneral Posada a sus detractores: segunda réplica

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Imagen de apoyo de  El jeneral comandante en jefe del ejército de la república a los granadinos

El jeneral comandante en jefe del ejército de la república a los granadinos

Por: José María Melo | Fecha: 1854

Discurso del presidente José María Melo en el que asegura a los granadinos que mientras él permanezca en el poder no se perderá la libertad. En el documento, que conserva la ortografía de la época, exhorta a los granadinos y a los miembros del ejército a comprometerse con la causa libertaria de la nación. El documento conserva la ortografía de la época.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Prensa
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El jeneral comandante en jefe del ejército de la república a los granadinos

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Imagen de apoyo de  La unidad nacional en América Latina: del regionalismo a la nacionalidad

La unidad nacional en América Latina: del regionalismo a la nacionalidad

Por: Marco Palacios | Fecha: 1983

Por esta presentación breve y esquemática, el lector podrá quizás adivinar la riqueza e intensidad de los debates en torno a las ponencias recogidas. Lo que parece cierto es que todavía distamos mucho de resolver el cúmulo de preocupaciones, posiciones y proposiciones aquí expuestas, al menos desde el ángulo de la investigación histórica. Esto podría derivarse de una faceta de la realidad: en América Latina no hemos concluido del todo la travesía hacia la unidad nacional.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Libros
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La unidad nacional en América Latina: del regionalismo a la nacionalidad

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Imagen de apoyo de  El Consejo de Ministros a los Colombianos

El Consejo de Ministros a los Colombianos

Por: Anónimo | Fecha: 1829

Impreso en el que un grupo de ministros se dirige a los colombianos con el fin de reparar en el comportamiento del general José María Córdova, que a juicio del consejo de ministros, ha actuado sin carácter público, desconociendo al Gobierno nacional y llevando a la provincia de Antioquia a sublevarse contra el poder central.
Fuente: Biblioteca Virtual Banco de la República Formatos de contenido: Otros
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El Consejo de Ministros a los Colombianos

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